【LeetCode】60. Permutation Sequence（C++）

地址：https://leetcode.com/problems/permutation-sequence/

题目：

The set [1,2,3,...,n] contains a total of n! unique permutations.
By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order, we get the following sequence for $n = 3$:

• 123
• 132
• 213
• 231
• 312
• 321

Given $n$ and $k$, return the $k^{th}$ permutation sequence.

Note:

• Given n will be between 1 and 9 inclusive.
• Given k will be between 1 and n! inclusive.

Example 1:

Input: n = 3, k = 3
Output: “213”

Example 2:

Input: n = 4, k = 9
Output: “2314”

理解：

需要求一个全排列的第k个。
注意全排列的顺序是符合字典序的。
根据k，和n-1个元素的全排列的个数，我们可以确定第位的数字是什么。
比如上面的123，如果k是3，则可以得到第一位是2
然后找13这个组合的全排列里的第一个，就是13了。

实现：

class Solution {
public:
	string getPermutation(int n, int k) {
		vector<int> fac(n,1);
		for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
			fac[i] = i*fac[i - 1];
		}
		string res(n, '0');
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			res[i] += i + 1;
		--k;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
			int index = i + k / fac[n - 1 - i];
			char c = res[index];
			for (; index > i; --index)
				res[index] = res[index - 1];
			res[i] = c;
			k %= fac[n - 1 - i];
		}
		return res;
	}
};