PA 2.4 Test Design and Execution 测试设计和执行
Purpose 目的
The purpose of Test Design and Execution is to improve the test process capability during test design and execution by establishing test design specifications, using test design techniques, performing a structured test execution process and managing test incidents to closure.
测试设计和执行的目的是通过建立测试设计说明书在测试设计和执行过程中提升测试过程能力。通过测试设计技术，执行一个结构化的测试执行流程和管理要结束的测试事件。
Introductory Notes 简介
Structured testing implies that test design techniques are applied, possibly supported by tools. Test design techniques are used to derive and select test conditions and design test cases from requirements and design specifications. The test conditions and test cases are documented in a test specification. A test case consists of the description of the input values, execution preconditions, expected results and execution post conditions. At a later stage, as more information becomes available regarding the implementation, the test cases are translated into test procedures.
结构化测试指的是测试设计技术被应用，可能是通过工具来支持，测试设计技术被使用来驱动和选择测试环境以及根据需求和设计文档设计测试用例。测试环境和测试用例被文档化在测试说明书中。一个测试用例包含了对于输入值，执行过程，期望值，执行后环境的描述。在稍后阶段，基于执行的深入，越来越多的信息变成可能。测试用例被转变为测试流程。
In a test procedure, also referred to as a manual test script, the specific test actions and checks are arranged in an executable sequence. Specific test data required to be able to run the test procedure is created. The tests will subsequently be executed using these test procedures. The test design and execution activities follow the test approach as defined in the test plan. The specific test design techniques applied (e.g., black box, white box or experience-based) are based on level and type of product risk identified during test planning.
在测试过程中，作为一个手动测试脚本，指定的测试行为和检查被安排在测试序列中。指定的测试数据需要被运行。测试过程被建立。测试随后被执行通过这些测试流程，测试设计和执行行为被安排在测试计划中设计的测试方法之后。指定的测试设计技术被应用，它是基于测试计划中产品风险的等级和类型来的。
During the test execution stage, incidents are found and incident reports are written. Incidents are logged using an incident management system and are communicated to the stakeholders per established protocols. A basic incident classification scheme is established for incident management, and a procedure is put in place to handle the incident lifecycle process including managing each incident to closure.
在测试执行阶段，时间被发现，事件报告被书写，事件被记录使用记录管理系统on个，并且和相关利益人沟通来建立协议。一个基本的事件分类进度被建立来做事件管理。一个流程被使用来处理事件生命周期过程，包括管理各个要结束的事件。
Scope 范围
The process area Test Design and Execution addresses the test preparation phase including the application of test design techniques to derive and select test conditions and test cases. It also addresses the creation of specific test data, the execution of the tests using documented test procedures and incident management.
测试设计和执行过程域解决测试准备阶段问题，它包括测试设计技术的应用来提取和选择测试环境和用例。同时解决指定测试数据的生成。测试执行使用文档化的测试流程和事件管理。
Specific Goal and Practice Summary 指定目的和实践汇总
SG 1 Perform Test Analysis and Design using Test Design Techniques 执行测试分析和设计，使用测试设计技术
SP 1.1 Identify and prioritize test conditions 验证测试环境，为测试环境划分优先级
SP 1.2 Identify and prioritize test cases 验证和分级测试用例
SP 1.3 Identify necessary specific test data 验证必要的测试数据
SP 1.4 Maintain horizontal traceability with requirements 对需求维护横向可追溯
SG 2 Perform Test Implementation 执行测试实施
SP 2.1 Develop and prioritize test procedures 开发分级测试流程
SP 2.2 Create specific test data
SP 2.3 Specify intake test procedure
SP 2.4 Develop test execution schedule
SG 3 Perform Test Execution 执行测试执行
SP 3.1 Perform intake test 预测试
SP 3.2 Execute test cases
SP 3.3 Report test incidents
SP 3.4 Write test log
SG 4 Manage Test Incidents to Closure 管理要结束的测试事件
SP 4.1 Decide disposition of test incidents in configuration control board
SP 4.2 Perform appropriate action to fix the test incident
SP 4.3 Track the status of test incidents