PA 2.5 Test Environment 测试环境
Purpose目的
The purpose of Test Environment is to establish and maintain an adequate environment, including test data, in which it is possible to execute the tests in a manageable and repeatable way.
测试环境的目的是建立和维护适当的环境，包括测试数据，从而有可能按照可管理和可重复的方式执行测试。
Introductory Notes 简介
A managed and controlled test environment is indispensable for any testing. It is also needed to obtain test results under conditions which are as close as possible to the ‘real-life’ situation. This is especially true for higher level testing, e.g., at system and acceptance test level. Furthermore, at any test level the reproducibility of test results should not be endangered by undesired or unknown changes in the test environment.
一个可管理和控制的测试环境是任何测试都不可缺少的。同时也是对获得测试结果必须的，这个测试结果是在尽可能接近真实环境的情况下获得的结果。它是对于高水平测试非常真实的。 比如，系统和可接受测试级别，此外，在任何的测试水平测试结果的可重现性不应该被测试环境的不友好的或者不清楚的改变所危害。
Specification of test environment requirements is performed early in the project. This specification is reviewed to ensure its correctness, suitability, feasibility and accurate representation of a ‘real-life’ operational environment. Early test environment requirements specification has the advantage of providing more time to acquire and/or develop the required test environment and components such as simulators, stubs or drivers. The type of environment required will depend on the product to be tested and the test types, methods and techniques used.
测试环境需求规格说明书在项目早期被制定。这个说明书被审核从而保证它正确，合适，可行，实际反映了真实的操作环境。早期测试环境需求说明书有利于提供更多时间来获得或者开发需要的测试环境和组件，比如模拟器，桩代码和驱动。需要的测试环境的类型依赖于要测试的产品和测试类型，方法和使用的技术。
Availability of a test environment encompasses a number of issues which need to be addressed. For example, is it necessary for testing to have an environment per test level? A separate test environment per test team or per test level can be very expensive. Maybe it is possible to have the same environment shared between testers and developers. If so, strict management and control is necessary as both testing and development activities are done in the same environment, which can easily negatively impact progress. When poorly managed, this situation can cause many problems ranging from conflicting reservations to people finding the environment in an unknown or undesired state when starting their activities.
测试环境的可用性包含了大量需要解决的问题，比如，是否需要每一个测试水平都有一个测试环境？按照测试团队或者测试等级来区分测试环境是非常昂贵的。测试和开发有可能共享一个环境。如果那样的化，严格的管理和控制是必要的，因为于开发和测试的行为实在同一个环境进行的。它很容易引起对进度的负面的影响。在弱管理时，可能会一起许多问题，从冲突的意见到员工发现当他们开始工作是，环境在一个不清楚的或者不希望的状态。
Finally test environment management also includes managing access to the test environment by providing log-in details, managing test data, providing and enforcing configuration management and providing technical support on progress disturbing issues during test execution.
最后，测试环境管理也包含了管理提供访问细节来访问测试环境，管理测试数据，提供和执行管理配置，以及提供技术支持来处理测试执行过程中的讨厌的问题。
As part of the Test Environment process area, the requirements regarding generic test data, and the creation and management of the test data are also addressed. Whereas specific test data is defined during the test design and analysis activity, more generic test data is often defined and created as a separate activity. Generic test data is reused by many testers and provides overall background data that is needed to perform the system functions. Generic test data often consists of master data and some initial content for primary data. Sometimes timing requirements influence this activity.
作为测试环境过程域的一部分，需求比如通用测试数据被处理，创建和管理测数据同样被处理，然而特定的测试数据在测试设计和分析行为中被定义，更通用的测试数据通常被定义和创建做为一个分开的行为。通用测试数据被需要测试人员拒绝并且提供全部的需要执行系统功能的后台数据。 通用测试数据通常包含主数据和一些作为首要数据的初始的内容。有时候时间需求影响这个行为。【这部分还不是太理解，什么鬼】
Scope 范围
The process area Test Environment addresses all activities for specifying test environment requirements, implementing the test environment and managing and controlling the test environment. Management and control of the test environment also includes aspects such as configuration management and ensuring availability. The Test Environment process area scope includes both the physical test environment and the test data.
测试环境过程域解决所有的关于指定测试环境需求，执行测试环境和管理控制测试环境的行为。管理和控制测试环境也包含了一些概念比如配置刮泥和保证可用性。测试环境过程域范围包含屋里测试环境和测试数据。
Specific Goal and Practice Summary 特定测试目的和测试实践总汇
SG 1 Develop Test Environment Requirements 开发测试环境需求
SP 1.1 Elicit test environment needs SP 1.2 Develop the test environment requirements SP 1.3 Analyze the test environment requirements 引出测试环境需求，开发测试环境需求，分析测试环境需求
SG 2 Perform Test Environment Implementation 执行测试环境实施
SP 2.1 Implement the test environment SP 2.2 Create generic test data SP 2.3 Specify test environment intake test procedure SP 2.4 Perform test environment intake test
实施测试环境，创建通用测试数据，指出测环境预测试流程，执行测试环境冒烟测试。
SG 3 Manage and Control Test Environments 管理控制测试环境
SP 3.1 Perform systems management SP 3.2 Perform test data management SP 3.3 Coordinate the availability and usage of the test environments SP 3.4 Report and manage test environment incidents
执行系统管理，执行测试数据管理，协调测试环境的可用性和使用习惯，报告和管理测环境事故