Generic Practices by Goals 通用实践
GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 制度化可管理级别
GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Test Planning process.Elaboration The test planning policy typically specifies: Each project will define a test plan that includes a test approach and the accompanying test effort and estimates Each project’s test approach will be derived from the test strategy Test plans shall be developed using a standard process and template Standard tools that will be used when performing test planning The requirements will be used as a basis for test planning activities The testing commitments will be negotiated with resource management, business management and project management Any involvement of other affected groups in the testing activities must be explicitly agreed upon by these groups Management will review all testing commitments made to groups external to the organization The test plan will be managed and controlled
建立组织方针， 为计划和执行测试计划流程建立组织方针，
GP 2.2 Plan the process Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Test Planning process. Elaboration Typically, the plan for performing the test planning process is included in the project plan, which is described in the CMMI Project Planning process area. A documented and approved assignment exists for testing. This assignment typically covers issues and expectation regarding goals and objectives, exit criteria, items and features to be tested and not to be tested, type of testing to be performed, imposed standards, cost, schedule and resource constraints.
为流程做计划。
GP 2.3 Provide resources Provide adequate resources for performing the Test Planning process, developing the test work products, and providing the services defined by the process. Elaboration Adequate time is provided to test management to perform the test planning activities Experienced individuals, who have expertise in the application domain of the test object and those who have expertise with the development process are available to support the creation of the test plan Tools to support the test planning process are available Examples of tools include the following: Project planning and scheduling tools Estimation tools Risk assessment tools Test management tools Configuration management
提供资源
GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Test Planning process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the Test Planning process.
分配责任
Elaboration A test manager is typically designated to be responsible for negotiating commitments and developing the test plan. The test manager, either directly or by delegation, coordinates the project’s test planning process.
GP 2.5 Train people Train the people performing or supporting the Test Planning process as needed. Elaboration Test management and other individuals or groups, involved in test planning, are trained in test planning and the accompanying procedures and techniques. Examples of training topics include the following: Planning principles Test strategy Product and project risk assessment process and techniques Defining a test approach Test plan templates and standards Test organization Test estimation and test scheduling Introduction to test design techniques Supporting test planning tools Contingency planning
培训人员
GP 2.6 Manage configurations Place selected work products of the Test Planning process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following: Work breakdown structure Test estimation data Product risk assessment data Test plan review report Test plan
管理配置
GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders Identify and involve relevant stakeholders in the Test Planning process as planned. Elaboration Select relevant stakeholders from customers, end users, developers, producers, testers, suppliers, marketers, maintainers, service personnel, and others who may be affected by, or may affect, the product as well as the test process. Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include the following: Selecting the product and product components to be tested Participating in the product risk assessment by identifying the risk level and risk types of the product and product components to be tested Providing input to test estimates Reviewing and resolving issues on test project risks Explicitly committing test resources as needed Reviewing and approving the test plan
明确和包含相关责任人
GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process Monitor and control the Test Planning process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration Examples of measures used in monitoring and controlling the test planning process include the following: Number of revisions to the test plan Lead-time and actual effort spent compared to the lead-time and effort planned in the test plan Number of test items for which the risk level was changed per revision Cost, schedule and effort variance per revision of plan
监控流程
GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence Objectively evaluate adherence of the Test Planning process and selected work products against the process description, standards and procedures, and address any non-compliances. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit adherence topics for evaluation include the following: Compliance to the test strategy Compliance to standards (procedures and templates) The quality of the test plan The defined test approach The risk assessment process The test estimation process The activities for reviewing and making test commitments
客观评估依附性
GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management Review the activities, status and results of the Test Planning process with higher level management and resolve issues.
重审状态
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process Only applicable at TMMi level 3.
制度化一个已定义的过程
GP 3.1 Establish a defined process Establish and maintain a description of a defined Test Planning process
建立已定义的流程
建立和维护对已定义测试计划流程的描述。
GP 3.2 Collect improvement information Collect process related experiences derived from planning and performing the Test Planning process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Elaboration Examples of measures include the following:Percentage of test plans established according to procedure and template Percentage of test plans that have documented product risk assessment results and a test approach Percentage of test plans formally reviewed and approved by management Test planning effort Test estimation accuracy
搜集提升信息。 搜集流程相关经验。