SG 2 Establish a Test Strategy 建立测试策略
An organization-wide or program-wide test strategy that identifies and defines the test levels to be performed is established and deployed. 一个组织范围和大项目范围的测试策略（用来定义和确认测试等级被执行）被建立和部署。
SP 2.1 Perform a generic product risk assessment A generic product risk assessment is performed to identify the typical critical areas for testing. Example work products 执行常见产品风险评估。它被执行来验证典型的关键领域被测试
1. Generic product risk list, with a category and priority assigned to each risk 通用的产品风险清单，不同风险的分类和优先级
Sub-practices
1. Identify and select stakeholders that need to contribute to the generic risk assessment 验证和挑选利益相关人来对通用风险评估贡献
2. Identify generic product risks using input from stakeholders
3. Document the context and potential consequences of the generic product risk
4. Identify the relevant stakeholders associated with each generic product risk
5. Analyze the identified generic products risks using the predefined parameters, e.g., likelihood and impact
6. Categorize and group generic product risks according to the defined risk categories
7. Prioritize the generic product risks for mitigation
8. Review and obtain agreement with stakeholders on the completeness, category and priority level of the generic product risks
9. Revise the generic product risks as appropriate Note that product risk categories and parameters as defined in the Test Planning process area (SP 1.1 Define product risk categories and parameters) are largely re-used within this specific practice. Refer to SG 1 Perform a Product Risk Assessment from the process area Test Planning for more details on the practices for performing a product risk assessment.
SP 2.2 Define test strategy 定义测试策略
The test strategy is defined that identifies and defines the test levels. For each level, the objectives, responsibilities, main tasks, entry/exit criteria and so forth are defined. Example work products
测试策略被定义用来验证和定义测试等级。对于不同等级。目的，责任，主要任务，进出的关键点等等都要被定义。
1. Test strategy
Sub-practices
1. Study test policy and goals 学习测试方针和目的
2. Provide feedback for clarifying test policy and goals as necessary 对说明测试方针和目的提供反馈是必须的。
3. Define the test strategy providing clear linkage to the defined test policy and goals 定义测试策略提供清晰的联系来定义测试方针和目的
Examples of topics to be addressed as part of a test strategy include the following:
Generics risks of the products being developed Overall test model (V-model, incremental lifecycle) to be employed as a way to mitigate the risks Test levels (e.g., unit, integration, system and acceptance test) Objectives, responsibilities and main tasks at each test level, for example:, For unit testing - Verifying that the unit operates as specified in the unit design - Achieving a certain level of code coverage For integration testing - Verifying that the units together operate as specified in the global design - Verifying that the interfaces operate as specified in the interface specification For system testing - Verifying that the system operates as specified in the requirements specification - Achieving a certain level of system requirements coverage For acceptance testing - Verifying that the system satisfies defined acceptance criteria - Validating whether the system is ‘fit for use’ - Achieving a certain level of user requirements coverage Test case design techniques to be used at each test level Test types to be carried out at each test level Entry and exit criteria for each test level Standards that must be adhered to Level of independence of testing Environment in which the tests will be executed Approach to automation at each test level。 Approach to regression testing
通用风险，全面测试模型被使用来减少风险，测试等级，目的，责任以及对于不同等级主要的任务。举例;
单元测试：测试代码覆盖率
集成测试：验证各单元聚合起来操作，验证接口操作如接口文档所述。
系统测试：验证系统操作如需求所述，达到一定系统需求覆盖等级。
可接受测试：验证达到已定义的可接受关键点，系统是否合用。满足一定的用户需求覆盖。
测试用例设计技术被使用在不同测试等级。测试类型根据等级不同。测试开始和退出标准。测试环境的建立。自动化测试。回归测试。
4. Review the test strategy with stakeholders 和利益相关人重审测试策略
5. Define and establish ownership for test strategy 定义和建立测试策略所有权
6. Revisit and revise the test strategy as appropriate, e.g., on a yearly basis Note that the test strategy will serve as a starting point for testing to be performed in a project. Each project can tailor the overall organizational strategy to its specific project needs. Any areas of noncompliance shall be clearly documented in the project’s test plan.
重新审查和修改测试策略。
SP 2.3 Distribute the test strategy to the stakeholders The test strategy is presented to and discussed with stakeholders inside and outside testing. Example work products
发送测试策略给利益相关人。测试策略被呈现并且和利益相关人讨论。
1. Deployment plan
2. Test strategy presentation Examples of distribution mechanisms include the following: Documenting it in a handbook and/or quality system Presenting in project and/or departmental meetings Referencing it via posters on the wall Making it part of the departmental introduction program Providing access to it on a central web portal