PA 2.1 Test Policy and Strategy 测试方针和策略
Purpose 目的
The purpose of the Test Policy and Strategy process area is to develop and establish a test policy, and an organization-wide or program-wide test strategy in which the test levels are unambiguously defined. To measure test performance, test performance indicators are introduced.
测试方针和策略过程域的目的是开发和建立测试方针，一个组织范围或者大型项目范围的测试策略。在测试策略里面测试等级被清晰的定义。为了衡量测试绩效，测试绩效指标被引入。
Introductory Notes 简介
When an organization wants to improve its test process, it should first clearly define a test policy. The test policy defines the organization’s overall test objectives, goals and strategic views regarding testing. It is important for the test policy to be aligned with the overall business (quality) policy of the organization. A test policy is necessary to attain a common view of testing and its objectives between all stakeholders within an organization. This common view is required to align test (process improvement) activities throughout the organization. The test policy should address testing activities for both new development and maintenance projects. Within the test policy the objectives for test process improvement should be stated. These objectives will subsequently be translated into a set of key test performance indicators. The test policy and the accompanying performance indicators provide a clear direction, and a means to communicate expected and achieved levels of test performance. The performance indicators must show the value of testing and test process improvement to the stakeholders. The test performance indicators will provide quantitative indication whether the organization is improving and achieving the defined set of test (improvement) goals..
当一个组织想要提高测试流程的时候，它要首先清楚的定义测试方针，测试方针定义了组织整体基于测试的测试目标，目的，战略愿景。（objective是细化的goal，个人观点）。对于获得测试的共同观点和组织内所有相关者目标，测试方针是必须的。这个共同观点需要在整个组织实施测试行为。测试方针适用于新开发的和维护项目的测试活动。在测试方针里面，测试流程的目标被说明。这些目标应该随后被转化为一系列测试绩效指标。测试方针和对应的测试绩效指标提供了一个清晰的方向。意味着在期望和达到的测试性能等级之间建立的沟通。测试绩效指标要体现测试的价值和测试流程提高对相关利益人的价值。测试绩效指标会提供大量指示验证是否组织提高了并且达到了定义的测试提高目的。
Based upon the test policy a test strategy will be defined. The test strategy covers the generic test requirements for an organization or program (one or more projects). The test strategy addresses the generic product risks and presents a process for mitigating those risks in accordance with the testing policy. Preparation of the test strategy starts by performing a generic product risk assessment analyzing the products being developed within a program or organization.
基于测试方针和测试策略将被定义。测试策略覆盖了一个组织或者项目通用测试需求，它处理通用产品风险并且提出了一个和测试方针一致的流程来减轻这些风险。测试策略的准备从通用产品风险评估分析开始。
The test strategy serves as a starting point for the testing activities within projects. The projects are set up in accordance with the organization-wide or program-wide test strategy. A typical test strategy will include a description of the test levels that are to be applied, for example: unit, integration, system and acceptance test. For each test level, at a minimum, the objectives, responsibilities, main tasks and entry/exit criteria are defined. When a test strategy is defined and followed, less overlap between the test levels is likely to occur, leading to a more efficient test process. Also, since the test objectives and approach of the various levels are aligned, fewer holes are likely to remain, leading to a more effective test process.
测试策略是项目中测试行为的起始点，项目被建立和组织范围或者项目范围的测试策略一致。一个典型的测试策略包括要实施的测试等级的描述。比如， 单元测试，集成测试，系统测试，可接受测试。对每一个测试等级，至少要定义下面几个东东，目的，责任，主要任务，进入和退出的关键点。当一个测试策略被定义和执行的时候，较少的在不同测试等级的重叠会发生。会引导建立一个高效的测试流程。同时，因为各个等级的测试目标和方法被建立。较少的漏洞存在。也会引导建立一个高效的测试流程。
Note that test policy and test strategy modification is usually required as an organization’s test process evolves and moves up the levels of the TMMi.
备注，测试方针和测试策略会随着组织测试流程的演变和TMMI等级的升级而做修改。
Scope 范围
The process area Test Policy and Strategy involves the definition and deployment of a test policy and test strategy at an organizational level. Within the test strategy, test levels are identified. For each test level, at a minimum, test objectives, responsibilities, main tasks and entry/exit criteria are defined. To measure test performance and the accomplishment of test (improvement) objectives, test performance indicators are defined and implemented.
测试方针和策略包含了组织级别的测试方针和测试策略的定义和实施，在测试策略中。测试等级被说明。对于每一个等级，至少测试目标。责任。主要任务和进出关键点要定义。 为了衡量测试绩效和测试提高目标完成度。测试绩效指标被定义和实施。
Specific Goal and Practice Summary
SG 1 Establish a Test Policy 建立测试方针
SP 1.1 Define test goals
SP 1.2 Define test policy
SP 1.3 Distribute the test policy to stakeholders
SG 2 Establish a Test Strategy 建立测试策略
SP 2.1 Perform a generic product risk assessment
SP 2.2 Define test strategy SP 2.3 Distribute the test strategy to stakeholders
SG 3 Establish Test Performance Indicators 建立测试绩效指标
SP 3.1 Define test performance indicators
SP 3.2 Deploy test performance indicators