这一部分确实没有必要翻译，它的很多观点是整个TMMI2各个过程域有共用性的。
Generic Practices by Goals 通用实践和目的
GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 制度化管理流程
GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Test Design and Execution process. Elaboration The test design and execution policy typically specifies: A set of suitable test design techniques will be identified per test level Test specifications will be supported by templates and standards Test execution will be done using documented test procedures The level of test execution automation required Test incidents are documented and reported using an incident classification scheme Reported test incidents are evaluated, classified and processed according to a documented procedure A basic central test incident repository is put into place
建立组织方针
GP 2.2 Plan the process Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Test Design and Execution process.Elaboration Typically, the plan for performing the test design and execution process is included in the test plan, which is described in the Test Planning process area. The activities for test design and execution are explicitly scheduled as part of the test plan.
GP 2.3 Provide resources Provide adequate resources for performing the Test Design and Execution process, developing the test work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration Adequate time is provided to perform the test design and execution activities Experienced individuals, who have expertise in the application domain of the test object and those who have expertise in the development process are available to support the development of the test designs, e.g., participating during reviews Tools to support the test design and execution process are available Examples of tools include the following: Dynamic analysis tools Coverage analysis tools Test design tools Test data preparation tools Test execution tools Incident management tools
GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Test Design and Execution process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process.
GP 2.5 Train people Train the people performing or supporting the Test Design and Execution process as needed. Elaboration Test engineers, and other individuals or groups, involved in test design and execution, are trained in test design and execution and the accompanying procedures and techniques. Examples of training topics include the following: Formal and informal test design techniques Test specification process Deriving and prioritizing test conditions and developing test designs Development and prioritization of test cases Documenting and prioritizing of test procedures Test execution activities Test specification and test log templates and standards Test incident reporting Test incident management Supporting test design and execution tools
GP 2.6 Manage configurations Place selected work products of the Test Design and Execution process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following: Test design specifications Test case specifications Test procedure specifications (and/or test scripts) Test execution schedule Test logs Automated test scripts
GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Test Design and Execution process as planned. Elaboration Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include: Reviewing and approving test designs and test cases Executing tests, e.g., for validation purposes by end users Participating in the incident management process, e.g., at CCB meetings
GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process Monitor and control the Test Design and Execution process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration Examples of measures used to monitor and control the test design and execution process include the following: Number of test specifications completed Number of tests executed Percentage of tests passed Number of outstanding defects (per priority level) Defect trends
GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence Objectively evaluate adherence of the Test Design and Execution process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address any non-compliances. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit evaluation adherence topics include the following: The usage of test design techniques The compliance of the test specifications (test design, test cases, test procedures) to templates and standards The quality of the test cases The existence and quality level of the test logs Compliance with the incident management process
GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management Review the activities, status and results of the Test Design and Execution process with higher level management and resolve issues.
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process Only applicable at TMMi level 3.
制度化一个定义流程仅仅适用于TMMI3
GP 3.1 Establish a defined process Establish and maintain a description of a defined Test Design and Execution process.
GP 3.2 Collect improvement information Collect process related experiences derived from planning and performing the Test Design and Execution process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Elaboration Examples of measures include the following: Number of test designs established using test design techniques Time spent per test specification Incident reports by priority and severity Effectiveness of test design techniques, e.g., using Defect Detection Percentage (DDP) Percentage of test cases automated