Win10 installation Ubuntu 20.04 dual system perfect pit avoidance tutorial (non-virtual machine)

Preface

Since I personally need to install the Ubuntu system on a Win10 computer, I decided to install a Win10 + Ubuntu dual system after trying to install Ubuntu using a virtual machine and failed. As a result, I can choose to start Windows or Ubuntu on the computer startup interface.

Notice

1. In all processes involving restarting the computer, the USB flash drive must be unplugged.
2. Please be patient when booting or loading is slow, and do not type on the keyboard haphazardly.
3. Full network connection.
4. My Ubuntu memory allocation: 50G solid state + 500G mechanical. Among them, the 2G solid state is used as the system startup boot area/boot, the 10G solid state is used as the swap partition/swap, the remaining solid states are all used as the root partition/, and the 500G machines are all used as the personal resource area/home.
5. During the installation process, use the Tab key or the arrow keys to select an option, press the Enter key to confirm, Ctrl+Shift+C to copy, Crtl+Shift+V or the right mouse button to paste.

Install Win32 Disk Imager

Link: https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/

Win32 Disk Imager is a U disk burning tool, which can be used to write Ubuntu image files to U disk. After the download is completed, it is recommended to put it on a disk other than the C drive, then double-click to open it, click to accept the agreement and select Next.

Select whether you need to create a desktop shortcut (only used once, not necessary) and click Next.

Click Install to start the installation, then choose to open WIn32 Disk Imager, and then click Finish.

The opening interface of Win32 Disk Imager is as shown in the figure.

Download Ubuntu 20.04 image

Link: https://cn.ubuntu.com/download

Open the link and select Ubuntu desktop system.

Download Ubuntu 20.04 LTS version.

Make Ubuntu20.04 installation disk

Prepare a U disk larger than 4 G, back up and delete the contents (because it will be formatted when making the Ubuntu installation disk), and insert the empty U disk into the computer host. Afterwards, you can find that the U disk has been recognized in the device column in the Win32 Disk Imager software that is opened.

At this time, click the blue folder icon in the image file bar, switch the path to the download path of the Ubuntu 20.04 image, change the file type in the lower right corner to all file types, select the downloaded image and open it.

After confirming that the Ubuntu 20.04 image and installation USB disk have been selected in WIn32 DIsk Imager, click Write.

Select Yes in the pop-up confirmation overwrite dialog box, and then wait for the writing to complete.

After the writing is successful, a dialog box will pop up indicating that the writing is successful.

At this time, open the U disk and you can find three efi files under efi → boot. At this time, the Ubuntu 20.04 installation disk is ready.

System disk partition

The purpose of the system disk partition is to provide a separate memory space for the Ubuntu system, rather than sharing memory with Windows. The configuration of this machine is 256G solid state + 2T mechanical. In the end, 50G solid state + 500G mechanical is allocated to Ubuntu for use. The specific partitioning method depends on your own computer situation. Click the Start menu and select the Disk Management option. You can find that Disk 0, Disk 1 and Disk 2 exist. Among them, disk 0 is generally the system's C drive, disk 1 is the system's D, E and F drives, and disk 2 is its own Ubuntu installation disk (U disk).

Right-click disk C (disk C is a solid state, skip this step if there is no solid state) and select the compressed volume. You can see the size that can be divided in the amount of input compression space.
If you find that the amount of compressible space is far lower than the actual remaining amount of C drive, this is caused by the C drive system protection. You only need to open Settings → System → About → System Protection and set the protection to the corresponding protection of C drive. Disable it in the configuration options, click Apply and then restart the computer.

After restarting the computer, right-click the start menu to enter the disk management option. Right-click disk C to compress the volume. You can find that the compressible amount is normal. Enter 50000 MB in the compressible volume, about 50G, and click Compress. Returning to the disk management, you can find that an unallocated volume with a capacity of nearly 50G has appeared on the right side of the C drive. This is the solid-state capacity compressed for Ubuntu use. In the same way, continue to separate a 500,000 MB volume from the D drive with a capacity of about 500 G. At this point, the disk partition has been successful.

Note : After the disk partition is completed, you need to reset the C drive to system protection and restart the computer. Remember to unplug the U disk when restarting, otherwise it will enter the Ubuntu system installation.

View disk partitioning method

Disk partitioning methods are divided into MBR and GPT, and the corresponding Ubuntu installation methods are also somewhat different, but recent computers are all GPT. To be safe, the shortcut key Windows+Ris to enter cmd to open the command line window, enter diskpartand click Enter to jump to a new command line window, enter here and click list diskEnter.

The GPT column with an * sign indicates that the disk partitioning method is GPT format. It can be found that disks 0 and 1 in the current computer are both in GPT disk partition format, and disk 2 is a U disk. Next is Ubuntu that is suitable for GPT partition format. Install.

Install Ubuntu 20.04

This is a key step in installing the Win10+Ubuntu dual system. Be careful not to unplug the USB flash drive. After the disk partition is completed, restart the computer. After a while, you will enter the system options. Generally, Ubuntu will be the first choice by default. If it is not the default Ubuntu first choice, you have to make your own choice and click Enter. This interface may be slightly different on different computers, but as long as Ubuntu and Windows exist, there should be no problem.

At this time, the system needs to load components, and the waiting time is long.

Two Thousand Years Later, the reading ends and the Ubuntu graphical interface is entered. After a while, the Ubuntu installation window will pop up. First, select the Simplified Chinese option in the left column and click Install Ubuntu.

Next, you will enter the keyboard layout option. Select English (US) in the left column and click Continue.

Next, enter the Updates and other software options, check Normal Installation, and uncheck Download updates when installing Ubuntu in other options (if you do not cancel, online updates will occur during the installation process, causing the installation to slow down).

Next, you will enter the installation type option. Since we are not sharing resources between Ubuntu and Windows, select other options and click Continue.

At this point, you can see the disk partition table. As shown in the picture, it is about 50G solid state that I separated from the C drive. In the same way, you can also pull down to find the 500G machine that was separated from the D drive. First select the free solid-state capacity and click the plus sign to create a partition.

In the pop-up Create Partition window, select the EFI system partition, which is /boot, enter 2000 for the size, and then click OK.

Click the plus sign again to create a partition, and in the pop-up Create Partition window, select the swap partition, which is /swap, enter 10000 for the size, and then click OK.

Click the plus sign again to create a partition, and in the pop-up Create Partition windowFor unchanged, select the slash / for the mount point . The size should be automatically entered. All the remaining capacity does not need to be modified, and then click OK.

At this time, the separated solid state has been allocated. Next, select the machine with a capacity of about 500G, click the plus sign to create a partition, and use in the pop-up create partition window to remain unchanged. Select the slash /home for the mount point . The size should be automatically Enter all capacities without modification, then click OK.

Note : If a mistake is made during partitioning, just click Restore in the installation type window to repartition.

Click Install Now in the installation type window, and a confirmation dialog box will pop up to see if the four partitions have been divided. If there is no problem, click to continue.

Next, you will be asked to select the time zone. Find the map of China on the map and click on it. The pinyin of Shanghai will appear in the display box below. Click to continue.

Next, enter the Who Are You window, where you need to set the user name, computer name and other information. At the same time, select the automatic login option for convenience to avoid the need to enter a password every time you log in (installing software in Ubuntu requires entering a password for confirmation), click Continue to install Ubuntu.

Then came the long wait. Two Thousand Years Later, an installation completion dialog box pops up. The installation is complete and you need to restart your computer to use the newly installed system . Click Restart Now. When the message Please remove the installation medium, then press ENTER appears on the screen , unplug the USB flash drive and click Enter.

Also remember to select Ubuntu on the startup interface. Generally, the default preference is Ubuntu, so you don’t need to select it. After restarting, a pop-up window will appear on the desktop allowing you to connect to your online account. You can click on the upper right corner to skip this item, and then click Advance in the subsequent window.

At this point, the installation of Ubuntu 20.04 has been completed. You can open FireFox and browse the web page to try it. But at this time, I found that there is no Chinese in the system input method, and I can only input English. This is because we have not installed the Chinese input method.

Install Chinese input method

Open Ubuntu settings, in the Region and Language options, check whether there is a Chinese Pinyin item in the input source. If there is no Chinese Pinyin item, click the plus sign to add the input source, and click Chinese.

Select Chinese (Intelligent Pinyin) in Chinese, then drag Chinese to the top of the Manage Installed Languages ​​option in Language and Support, and click Apply to the entire system. At the same time, ensure that the keyboard and input method system are IBus. Click to close, then restart it and you can happily use Chinese input.

Conclusion

I have encountered many problems when using a virtual machine to install Ubuntu. The Win10+Ubuntu dual system installation has not encountered any problems so far, and it is smoother than a virtual machine. The main disadvantage is that I cannot happily use some software in Ubuntu, such as Linux QQ, I almost thought I was back more than ten years ago.

reference

Bilibili: Robot Craftsman Ajie, Windows and Ubuntu dual system installation guide .