Before executing this tutorial, please read the following two articles in order to complete the environment preparation:
1. VMware virtual machine download and installation tutorial [detailed steps - combination of graphics and text] VMware virtual machine download and installation tutorial [detailed steps - combination of graphics and text]_Xijin's no1's blog-CSDN blog
2. How to download the win10 image file on Microsoft's official website How to download the win10 image file on Microsoft's official website_Xijin's no1's Blog-CSDN Blog
Chapter 1: Creating a New Virtual Machine
Chapter 2: Typical Installation and Custom Installation
Differences between typical and custom installations: Usually designers use custom installations (advanced).
1. Typical installation:
This type of installation uses default options for all installation settings, including installation location, virtual network configuration, and more.
This is usually the method used by new users, as it eliminates cumbersome steps such as configuration options, making for a very quick and easy installation.
2. Custom installation:
This type of installation allows you to choose the components to install and the default options yourself.
With a custom install, you can choose a specific install location, disable unneeded components, customize virtual network configurations, and more.
Custom installation is usually the method used by advanced users because it provides more flexibility and control.
Chapter 3: Virtual Machine Hardware Compatibility
Virtual machine hardware compatibility is an important option, which determines which versions of VMware products the virtual machine can run on. When selecting the virtual machine hardware compatibility option, you need to consider the version of the host system and the version of the target environment to ensure The virtual machine can run normally in the target environment. At the same time, different hardware compatibility options may affect the features and performance supported by the virtual machine, so it needs to be selected according to actual needs.
For example:
Workstation 16.x: This option indicates that the virtual machine can only run on VMware Workstation 16 or later
Workstation 15.x: This option indicates that the virtual machine can run on VMware Workstation 15 or later
Workstation 14.x: This option indicates that the virtual machine can run on VMware Workstation 14 or later.
The meaning of this option is, for example:
The virtual machine created on machine a may be moved to machine b in the future
If machine a is Workstation 16.x
But machine b is Workstation 15.x, there will be compatibility issues
If the opposite operation
If machine a is Workstation 15.x
b machine is Workstation 16.x
If the virtual machine created on machine a is moved to machine b, it can be used because 16.x is compatible with 15.x
Chapter 4: Installing the Client's Operating System
Divided into three installation methods
The first is through the computer, CD driver installation (rarely used)
The second is through the downloaded image file in the computer (commonly used)
The third is to create an empty virtual machine first, and then install the system later (commonly used)
This article takes the installation of win10 Enterprise Edition as an example, and I have prepared the existing image file.
If there is no image file, please refer to: How to download win10 image file on Microsoft's official website ( How to download win10 image file on Microsoft's official website_Xijin's no1's blog-CSDN blog )
Chapter 5: Naming the virtual machine and installation path
Give the virtual machine an appropriate name
Chapter 6: Firmware Type Selection
In the VMware virtual machine, the firmware type refers to the virtual BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), which is used to boot the virtual machine and manage hardware devices.
BIOS is the traditional type of firmware: it is the software that runs when a computer system boots. It is responsible for checking the system hardware and loading the operating system. BIOS has limitations and defects, for example, only MBR (Master Boot Record) partition table can be used, hard disks larger than 2.2TB cannot be booted, etc.
UEFI is a new type of firmware: it was designed to replace BIOS. UEFI can support more boot modes and partition formats, such as GPT (GUID Partition Table) partition table and UEFI boot mode. UEFI can also provide better security and manageability, as well as support for larger storage capacities.
It should be noted that after the virtual machine is created, modifying the firmware type of the virtual machine may affect the boot sequence of the virtual machine and the startup method of the operating system, so caution is required.
Chapter 7: Processor Configuration Selection
Number of processors:
You can choose the number of physical CPU cores to use according to the requirements of the virtual machine. However, it is necessary to confirm whether the CPU of the host system supports the required number of cores, otherwise the virtual machine may fail to start or perform poorly.
To view the host CPU, you can choose task management:
Chapter 8: Virtual Machine Memory Configuration Selection
The appropriate value for a virtual machine's memory configuration depends on many factors, such as the operating system the virtual machine is running on, the type and number of applications, the hardware configuration of the host system, and more. In general, the following are some recommendations for virtual machine memory configuration:
1. For desktop virtual machines (such as Windows 10), the minimum configuration is 2GB, and 4GB or higher is recommended.
2. For server virtual machines (such as Windows Server, Linux server), at least 4GB is required, and 8GB and above are recommended.
3. In the virtual machine, memory can be increased according to actual needs.
Chapter 9: Virtual Machine Network Configuration Selection
The following are three common network connection methods in VMware virtual networks:
Bridged : The virtual machine network is transparently connected to the physical network, and the virtual machine can obtain the same IP address segment as the physical network. This connection method allows the virtual machine to directly access other devices on the physical network, and also allows other devices on the physical network to access the virtual machine. In bridge mode, you need to manually configure the IP address and subnet mask for the virtual system, and also be on the same network segment as the host machine, so that the virtual system can communicate with the host machine. At the same time, since this virtual system is an independent host system in the LAN, its TCP/IP configuration information can be manually configured to access the Internet through the gateway or router of the LAN
Detailed understanding of bridge
1. The bridge mode allows the virtual machine to be transparently connected to the physical network, and the virtual machine can obtain the same IP address segment as the physical network. In bridged mode, the VMware virtual network adapter creates a virtual switch (Virtual Switch), which is similar to a physical network switch and is used to communicate between the virtual machine and the physical network. The communication between the virtual machine and the host does not happen directly, but passes through the virtual switch (Virtual Switch). Virtual switches are similar to physical network switches and are used to communicate between virtual machines and the physical network. When the virtual machine sends a data packet to the host, the data packet will first pass through the virtual switch and then be passed to the host system; conversely, when the host sends a data packet to the virtual machine, the data packet will also be forwarded to the virtual machine through the virtual switch.
2. When virtual machines are connected to the network using bridge mode, they are assigned a unique MAC address and IP address just like physical computers. This allows the virtual machine to directly access other devices on the physical network, and also allows other devices on the physical network to access the virtual machine. Therefore, in bridged mode, a virtual machine can access network resources, share files, etc. just like a physical computer.
3. It should be noted that the use of bridge mode needs to be set according to actual needs, and ensure that the network adapter of the host system is configured correctly. Improperly configured network adapters can cause virtual machines to have no or slow access to the network. At the same time, in order to avoid security problems, it is recommended to enable firewall or other security functions on the virtual machine.
NAT (Network Address Translation) : Establish a private network between the host and the virtual machine, and manage the connection through the virtual network adapter. The virtual machine uses the virtual network adapter to send requests to the outside, and the source IP address of the request is translated to the IP address of the host. This connection mode can provide certain security, prevent the virtual machine from external attacks, and allow the virtual machine to access the Internet.
Detailed understanding of NAT mode:
1. NAT mode (Network Address Translation) establishes a private network between the host and the virtual machine, and manages the connection through the virtual network adapter, so that the virtual machine can use the Internet connection of the host. Specifically, in NAT mode, VMware will create a virtual DHCP server and assign a virtual IP address to the virtual machine, and at the same time use the IP address of the local host as the egress IP address of the NAT router.
2. When a virtual machine is connected to the Internet using NAT mode, all network communications of the virtual machine are forwarded and managed through the host system. The access request of the virtual machine is first sent to the virtual DHCP server, and then NAT is performed by the host, and the returned data is also passed to the virtual machine after being NATed by the host. This connection mode can provide certain security, prevent the virtual machine from external attacks, and allow the virtual machine to access the Internet.
3. It should be noted that the use of NAT mode needs to be set according to actual needs, and ensure that the network adapter of the host system is configured correctly. Improperly configured network adapters can cause virtual machines to have no or slow access to the network. At the same time, it is recommended to enable a firewall or other security features on the virtual machine to protect the virtual machine from external attacks.
Host-Only : Creates an independent virtual network that contains only hosts and virtual machines without connecting to any physical network. This connection method can provide a certain degree of security, because the virtual machine cannot access other devices from the Internet or a local area network, but does not allow direct communication between virtual machines.
Detailed understanding of host mode only
1. Host-only mode (Host-Only) creates an independent virtual network that contains only hosts and virtual machines, without connecting to any physical network. In this mode, the virtual machine can only communicate with the host, but cannot directly access the Internet or other devices on the LAN. To enable this connection, VMware creates a virtual network adapter and configures it to be shared with the host system.
2. When virtual machines are connected to the network using host-only mode, they are placed in a private network and can communicate with each other, share resources, etc., but cannot access other devices from the Internet or LAN. This connection method can provide a certain degree of security, because the virtual machine cannot access other devices from the Internet or a local area network, and will not be attacked from the outside at the same time.
3. It should be noted that in the host-only mode, virtual machines can communicate directly with each other, but cannot communicate with the physical network where the host is located (such as a home or business network). If you need to let the virtual machine communicate with the physical network, you can consider using bridge or NAT mode. At the same time, when using the host-only mode, it is recommended to enable a firewall or other security features on the virtual machine to protect the virtual machine from attacks between virtual machines.
Chapter 10: I/O Controller Configuration Selection
BusLogic: is the first supported SCSI controller type, suitable for early Windows operating systems and some other old operating systems. In terms of performance, BusLogic is relatively slow because it uses CPU software emulation to handle I/O requests.
LSI Logic: is a newer type of SCSI controller that works with most modern operating systems and applications. Compared with BusLogic, LSI Logic uses more advanced technology to handle I/O requests, and has better performance and reliability. (recommend)
LSI Logic SAS: It is a SCSI controller based on SAS architecture, suitable for application scenarios that require high-speed storage and high concurrent I/O. Compared with LSI Logic, LSI Logic SAS provides higher bandwidth and lower latency. (recommend)
Paravirtualized SCSI: is a special type of SCSI controller that uses virtualization technology to improve performance and efficiency. It can avoid CPU software emulation by directly accessing physical devices, providing lower latency and higher throughput.
Chapter 11: Disk Type Selection
In VMware virtual machines, IDE disk types, SCSI disk types, SATA disk types, and NVMe disk types have their own characteristics and applicable scenarios. The following are their main features and applicable scenarios:
IDE disk type: suitable for earlier operating systems and applications, such as MS-DOS and Windows 95/98, etc. It can connect two IDE hard drives or CD/DVD-ROM devices, but it does not support hot-swap function, and its performance is relatively poor.
SCSI disk type: Suitable for most modern operating systems and applications, especially those that require high-performance storage. It supports up to 15 SCSI devices, including hard drives, CD/DVD-ROM, tape drives, etc., and provides better performance and reliability.
SATA Disk Type: Suitable for newer Windows, Linux, and other operating systems, especially virtual machines for desktops and laptops. It can connect multiple SATA hard drives and CD/DVD-ROM devices, and provides better performance and scalability. SATA disk type supports higher data transfer rate and larger storage capacity than IDE.
NVMe disk type: Suitable for application scenarios that require extremely high-performance storage, such as large-scale data analysis and high-performance computing. It can connect multiple NVMe hard drives and provides lower latency and higher bandwidth. Compared with SCSI and SATA, NVMe has higher I/O throughput and lower access latency.
IDE disk types are suitable for older systems and applications, while SCSI, SATA, and NVMe are suitable for modern operating systems and applications. When choosing a disk type, you should make a trade-off based on actual needs, taking into account factors such as performance, compatibility, and scalability. It should be noted that when changing the disk type, the operating system or driver may need to be reinstalled to ensure that the virtual machine can work normally.
Chapter 12: Disk Selection
In a VMware virtual machine, creating a new virtual disk, using an existing virtual disk, and using a physical disk have their own advantages and disadvantages and applicable scenarios. Here are their main differences:
Create a new virtual disk: This method assigns a new virtual disk to the virtual machine and formats it with the desired file system. Creating a new virtual disk is usually simple and does not affect other virtual machines or the host system.
Use an existing virtual disk: This method can utilize an existing virtual disk, avoiding repeated creation and storage space occupation. If a virtual machine requires multiple disks, using existing virtual disks can also improve the efficiency and convenience of disk management.
Use a physical disk: This method can directly map the physical disk to the virtual machine, so that the virtual machine can directly read and write data on the physical disk. Using physical disks can achieve better performance and reliability, but you need to pay attention to protecting the data security of physical disks.
It should be noted that when using any of the above methods, you need to consider storage space, performance and security issues, and make a trade-off according to actual needs. At the same time, when using physical disks, special care is required to avoid damage or leakage of data on the host machine.
Chapter 13: Disk Capacity Selection
If there is no special requirement, the size and allocation type can be selected according to the red box. If there is a special requirement, it can be adjusted by itself.
Chapter 14: Disk Storage Path
Chapter 15: Creating a Virtual Machine
After the creation is complete, the virtual machine will be automatically turned on
Chapter 16: Windows installation steps in the virtual machine
(1) Select the newly created virtual machine, click "Start this virtual machine", the virtual machine starts up, and enters the installation interface of the win10 system.
(2) At this point, it will prompt "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD." First use the mouse to quickly click on the virtual machine interface to get the keyboard and mouse input focus, and then quickly press any key on the keyboard to enter the win11 system The interface is installed.
(3) If the prompt times out, an error message will be prompted, Time out. +EFI Network... Then restart the virtual machine and perform the operation again
(4) After this page appears, press any key to enter the system installation page
(5) In the system installation interface, select "Simplified Chinese", and then click "Next"
(6) Click "Install Now"
(7) Wait for the program to be installed automatically
(8) Enter the product key, if not, click "I don't have a product key" and click "Next"
(9) Click "Accept Terms" and then click "Next"
(10) Select custom installation
(11) Select the system installation location, there is only one disk by default, and then click "Next"
(12) Wait for the automatic installation, it may take a while
long wait
(13) Make keyboard layout settings
① Enter the system installation program, regional settings, click "Yes"
② Keyboard layout settings, click "Yes"
③Add the second keyboard layout, click "Skip".
Note: If you are using a wired network, please unplug the network cable before clicking "Skip" to prepare for the next steps.
(14) Network settings
Click "I do not have an Internet connection" and then click "Continue to limited setup"
(15) Perform user settings
①Enter the user name, give a name to the account using the computer, enter the desired name, and click "Next".
Note: It is recommended to use pure English or a combination of English and numbers. Some software will perform file operations under the user account, while some software does not support Chinese paths during use. If the user name is Chinese, related operations cannot be performed. lead to errors etc.
②Set the account password, you can choose to set a password and set a password question, or you can not set a password temporarily. We choose not to set a password for the process shown in the figure, and click "Next" directly
③Activity history, click "No"
(16) Cortana Settings
Cortana, the Chinese name is Xiaona, is a personal assistant software provided by Microsoft, similar to Apple’s Siri and Xiaomi’s Xiao Ai, etc. It is a digital assistant based on voice services. You can choose whether to enable it according to your personal needs. If you set it to enable If so, you can choose whether to enable the voice wake-up function. In the illustration process, we choose to enable and turn on the voice wake-up.
(17) Privacy settings
You can choose according to your personal needs , and the default is all enabled. In the illustration process, we choose to enable all by default, and click "Accept".
(18) Desktop icon settings
① After waiting for a while, enter the system desktop. The newly installed original system desktop does not have icons such as "This Computer". To display these icons, you need to right-click on a blank space on the desktop and click "Personalize".
②Click "Theme" on the left side of the personalized setting window
③ Pull the scroll bar to the bottom and click "Desktop Icon Settings"
④ Check "Computer", "User Files" and "Network" in the upper part of the window, and click "OK.
Chapter 17: VMware Tools Installation
The content of this chapter is reproduced from: VMware Tools installation (detailed steps plus illustrations)_tools how to install_Xia Chanming's Blog-CSDN Blog
Vmware Tools is a very important toolkit in the VMware virtual machine. Sometimes after installing the operating system in the virtual machine, we want to drag some files into the virtual machine, and we will find that it cannot be dragged in at all, because this The two operating systems are independent and not shared. Sometimes we feel that installing Tools on VMware is useless, but this is not the case. Installing Tools not only facilitates us to transfer files, but also improves our operating efficiency and reduces some unnecessary steps.
(1) Click the virtual machine in the tab, click Install Tools (I take Windows 7x64 as an example here, they are all the same) We found that the interface of Windows 7 without Tools installed is small (note: here you need to install the Icons must be called out to use a computer)
(2) After clicking Install Tools to install, the following will prompt you that it is installing
Click Computer, click VM, bring up the installation dialog box, click OK
(3) When the installation wizard comes out, click Next
The purpose here is to tempt you to prevent your progress, of course we have to do the opposite, click to always install
Some dialog boxes will pop up in the middle of here, you just click OK, don’t worry about it
(4) After the installation here, it will show you to restart Windows, at this time you just follow it and restart it
This is the interface after installing Tools, which is not only better-looking than the interface without Tools installed before, but also pleasing to the eye
Above our windows operating system has been successfully installed in the virtual machine.