PAT乙级刷题/1044 火星数字/C++实现

一、题目描述

火星人是以 13 进制计数的：

• 地球人的 0 被火星人称为 tret。
• 地球人数字 1 到 12 的火星文分别为：jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jly, aug, sep, oct, nov, dec。
• 火星人将进位以后的 12 个高位数字分别称为：tam, hel, maa, huh, tou, kes, hei, elo, syy, lok, mer, jou。

例如地球人的数字 29 翻译成火星文就是 hel mar；而火星文 elo nov 对应地球数字 115。为了方便交流，请你编写程序实现地球和火星数字之间的互译。

输入格式：

输入第一行给出一个正整数 N（<100），随后 N 行，每行给出一个 [0, 169) 区间内的数字 —— 或者是地球文，或者是火星文。

输出格式：

对应输入的每一行，在一行中输出翻译后的另一种语言的数字。

输入样例：

4
29
5
elo nov
tam
//结尾无空行

输出样例：

hel mar
may
115
13
//结尾无空行

二、思路分析

1.  getline() 的用法

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
 
int main()
{
    // greet the user
    std::string name;
    std::cout << "What is your name? ";
    std::getline(std::cin, name);
    std::cout << "Hello " << name << ", nice to meet you.\n";
 
    // read file line by line
    std::istringstream input;
    input.str("1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n");
    int sum = 0;
    for (std::string line; std::getline(input, line); ) {
        sum += std::stoi(line);
    }
    std::cout << "\nThe sum is: " << sum << "\n\n";
 
    // use separator to read parts of the line
    std::istringstream input2;
    input2.str("a;b;c;d");
    for (std::string line; std::getline(input2, line, ';'); ) {
        std::cout << line << '\n';
    }
}

What is your name? John Q. Public
Hello John Q. Public, nice to meet you.
 
The sum is 28
 
a
b
c
d

 2.cin和getline()一起使用的注意事项

C++中getline()和cin同时使用时的注意事项https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37536854/article/details/828733213.stoi的用法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string str1 = "45";
    std::string str2 = "3.14159";
    std::string str3 = "31337 with words";
    std::string str4 = "words and 2";
 
    int myint1 = std::stoi(str1);
    int myint2 = std::stoi(str2);
    int myint3 = std::stoi(str3);
    // error: 'std::invalid_argument'
    // int myint4 = std::stoi(str4);
 
    std::cout << "std::stoi(\"" << str1 << "\") is " << myint1 << '\n';
    std::cout << "std::stoi(\"" << str2 << "\") is " << myint2 << '\n';
    std::cout << "std::stoi(\"" << str3 << "\") is " << myint3 << '\n';
    //std::cout << "std::stoi(\"" << str4 << "\") is " << myint4 << '\n';
}

std::stoi("45") is 45
std::stoi("3.14159") is 3
std::stoi("31337 with words") is 31337

 三、题解代码以及提交截图

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

const string low_digit[13] = {"tret", "jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun", "jly", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec"};
const string high_digit[13] = {"#", "tam", "hel", "maa", "huh", "tou", "kes", "hei", "elo", "syy", "lok", "mer", "jou"};

void MarToEarth(const string& s){
    int t1 = 0, t2 = 0,len = s.length();
    string s1 = s.substr(0, 3), s2;
    if (len > 4) s2 = s.substr(4, 3);
    for (int j = 1; j <= 12; j++) {
        if (s1 == low_digit[j] || s2 == low_digit[j]) t2 = j;
        if (s1 == high_digit[j]) t1 = j;
    }
    cout << t1 * 13 + t2;
}

void EarthToMar(const int& t){
    if (t / 13) cout << high_digit[t / 13];
    if ((t / 13) && (t % 13)) cout << " ";
    if (t % 13 || t == 0) cout << low_digit[t % 13];
}

int main()
{
    int N;
    string s;
    cin >> N;
    getchar();
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        getline(cin, s);
        if (s[0] >= '0' && s[0] <= '9')
            EarthToMar(stoi(s));
        else
            MarToEarth(s);
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}