数学公式语法
Tags: Markdown语法
越来越喜欢markdown这个轻量级的编辑语言了,对记笔记真的是很方便。
以下给出数学公式输入的基本语法,供平时查阅,如果有遇到新的重要语法将继续补充在这里。
说明:
每个部分均是先展示语法,然后展示效果,而非完全一一对应。
部分语句仅为展示效果,没有实际意义。
1、块级公式使用$$...$$
表示
$$ \sum_{i=0}^ni^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$$
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∑i=0ni2=n(n+1)(2n+1)6
2、希腊字母的大小写(详见附录)
$$\alpha \Omega$$
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αΩ
3、下标、上标
$$\log_{2x}{x^2}$$
$$x^{{5^6}^7}$$
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log2xx2
x567
$$32^\circ$$
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32∘
4、各种括号
$$(2+33)(4+5)[4+4]\{4+4\}$$
$$
f\left(
\left[
\frac{
1+\left\{x,y\right\}
}{
\left(
\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}
\right)
\left(u+1\right)
}+a
\right]^{3/2}
\right)
$$
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(2+33)(4+5)[4+4]{4+4}
f⎛⎝⎜⎜⎡⎣⎢1+{x,y}(xy+yx)(u+1)+a⎤⎦⎥3/2⎞⎠⎟⎟
5、分式
$$\frac{\sqrt{x}^3}{y^z}$$
$$\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}^3}{y^z}\right)$$
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x√3yz
(x√3yz)
6、绝对值与范数
lvert/rvert
lVert/rVert
langle/rangle
lceil/rceil
lfloor/rfloor
$$\bbox[yellow]{\frac{|x|\lvert x \rvert}{\lVert x\rVert \langle x \rangle}\lceil x \rceil \lfloor x \rfloor}$$
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|x|∣x∣∥x∥⟨x⟩⌈x⌉⌊x⌋
7、求和与积分
$$\prod_{i=0}^\infty i^2$$
$$\int_{a}^{b}f(x) = F(b) - F(a)$$
$$\int_e^f\int_c^d\int_{a}^b$$
$$\bigcup_{a=0}^{+\infty}\bigcap_{b=0}^{-\infty}$$
$$\oint$$
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∏i=0∞i2
∫baf(x)=F(b)−F(a)
∫fe∫dc∫ba
⋃a=0+∞⋂b=0−∞
∮
8、开方
$$\sqrt[a]{b^2}$$
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b2−−√a
9、极限、导数
$$\lim_{x \to 0}$$
$$\frac{\partial y}{\partial x} = 3x$$
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limx→0
∂y∂x=3x
10、比较运算符
lt/gt
le/ge
approx
$$a \lt b \\ c\neq d\\e \ge f$$
$$a \approx {b \cdot d}$$
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a<bc≠de≥f
a≈b⋅d
11、排列、组合
$$A_a^b\\C_a^b\\\binom a b$$
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AbaCba(ab)
12、四则运算符
$$a \pm b \\ c \mp b \\ e \times d \\ e \div f \\ a \cdot b$$
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a±bc∓be×de÷fa⋅b
13、集合
$$A \cup B \\ C \cap D \\ E \setminus F$$
$$a \in A \\ b \notin A$$
$$A \subset B \\ C \subseteq D \\ E \subsetneq F$$
$$A \supset B$$
$$A = \emptyset \\ B = \varnothing$$
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A∪BC∩DE∖F
a∈Ab∉A
A⊂BC⊆DE⊊F
A⊃B
A=∅B=∅
14、箭头
$$a \to 0 \\ a \rightarrow 0 \\ b \leftarrow 0$$
$$a \Leftarrow 0\\ b \Rightarrow 1$$
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a→0a→0b←0
a⇐0b⇒1
15、逻辑关系
$$p \land q \\ p \lor q \\ \lnot q$$
$$\forall x\\\exists a \in A$$
$$\bbox[pink]{\text{对∀x,∃a∈A}}$$
$$A \bigodot B$$
$$A \bigotimes B$$
$$A \bigoplus B$$
$$A \bigvee B$$
$$A \bigwedge B$$
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p∧qp∨q¬q
∀x∃a∈A
对∀x,∃a∈A
A⨀B
A⨂B
A⨁B
A⋁B
A⋀B
16、余数
$$a\equiv b \pmod n$$
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a≡b(modn)
17、空格
$$a b\\ a \, b\\a \; b\\ a \quad b\\a \qquad b$$
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ababababab
18、省略号
$$a \ldots b\\ a \cdots b\\ a \ddots b$$
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a…ba⋯ba⋱b
19、修饰符
$$\hat x \\ \hat {xy} \\ \widehat {xyz}$$
$$\vec {xy} \\ \overrightarrow {xyz} \\ \overleftrightarrow {xyz}$$
$$x \dot x \\ x \ddot {x}$$
$$\tilde {x} ,\check {x} ,\grave {x}$$
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x^xy^xyzˆ
xy→xyz−→−xyz←→
xx˙xx¨
x~,xˇ,x`
20、反义表示
$$\$\\ \_\\ \backslash$$
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$_∖
21、矩阵与行列式
$$
\begin{bmatrix}
1 & x & \cdots & x^2 \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
2 & y & \cdots & {y^2}
\end{bmatrix}
$$
$$\begin{vmatrix}
2 & 5\\
3 & 4
\end{vmatrix}
$$
pmatrix ()
Vmatrix || ||
$$ \left[
\begin{array}{cc|c}
1&2&3\\
4&5&6
\end{array}
\right] $$
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⎡⎣⎢⎢1⋮2x⋮y⋯⋱⋯x2⋮y2⎤⎦⎥⎥
∣∣∣2354∣∣∣
pmatrix ()
Vmatrix || ||
[142536]
22、连等式
$$
\begin{align}
\sqrt 37 & = \sqrt[2]{\frac{73^2-1}{12^2}} \\
& \approx \frac{12}{73}(1-\frac{1}{2\cdot73^2})
\end{align}
$$
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23、分段函数
$$
f(n) =
\begin{cases}
n/2, & \text{if $n$ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if $n$ is odd}
\end{cases}
$$
$$
\left.
\begin{array}{1}
\text{if $n$ is even} & n/2 \\
\text{if $n$ is odd} & 3n+1
\end{array}
\right\}
=f(n)
$$
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f(n)={n/2,3n+1,if n is evenif n is odd
if n is evenif n is oddn/23n+1}=f(n)
24、表格
$$
\begin{array}{c|llll}
n & \text{Left} & \text{Middle} & \text{Right} & \text{No} \\
\hline
1 & 0.24 & 1 & 125 & 1\\
2 & -1 & 189 & 8 & 2\\
3 & -20 & 2000 & 1+10i & 3
\end{array}
$$
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n123Left0.24−1−20Middle11892000Right12581+10iNo123
25、上下标号
$$\underbrace{a \cdots a}_\text{b times}$$
$$\overbrace{a \cdots a}_\text{b times}$$
$$\overline {AAA}$$
$$\underline {BBB}$$
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a⋯ab times
a⋯ab times
AAA¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
BBB−−−−−
26、公式编号
$$ a := x^2-y^2 \tag{*} $$
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a:=x2−y2(*)
27、方程组
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1 \\
a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2 \\
a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3
\end{array}
\right.
$$
或者
$$\begin{cases}
a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1 \\
a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2 \\
a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3
\end{cases}
$$
对齐
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
a_1x+b_1y+c_1z &=d_1+e_1 \\
a_2x+b_2y &=d_2 \\
a_3x+b_3y+c_3z &=d_3
\end{array}
\right.
$$
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⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪a1x+b1y+c1z=d1a2x+b2y+c2z=d2a3x+b3y+c3z=d3
或者
⎧⎩⎨a1x+b1y+c1z=d1a2x+b2y+c2z=d2a3x+b3y+c3z=d3
对齐
⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪a1x+b1y+c1za2x+b2ya3x+b3y+c3z=d1+e1=d2=d3
28、等式上标
$$ a+y^3 \stackrel{{\Delta}}= x^2 $$
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a+y3=Δx2
29、流图、化学方程式
$\require{AMScd}$
\begin{CD}
...
\end{CD}
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@>>> is used for arrow right
@<<< is used for arrow left
@VVV is used for arrow down
@AAA is used for arrow up
@= is used for horizontal double line
@| is used for vertical double line
@. is used for no arrow
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$\require{AMScd}$
\begin{CD}
A @>a>> B\\
@V b V V= @VV c V\\
C @>>d> D
\end{CD}
\begin{CD}
A @>>> B @>{\text{very long label}}>> C \\
@. @AbigAA @| \\
D @= E @<<small< F
\end{CD}
$\require{AMScd}$
\begin{CD}
RCOHR'SO_3Na @>{\text{Hydrolysis,$\Delta, Dil.HCl$}}>> (RCOR')+NaCl+SO_2+ H_2O
\end{CD}
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RCOHR′SO3Na−→−−−−−−−−−−−Hydrolysis,Δ,Dil.HCl(RCOR′)+NaCl+SO2+H2O
30、卡牌
$$\spadesuit, \heartsuit, \diamondsuit, \clubsuit,\color{red}{\heartsuit}$$
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♠,♡,♢,♣,♡
31、长除法
$$
\require{enclose}
\begin{array}{r}
13 \\[-3pt]
4 \enclose{longdiv}{52} \\[-3pt]
\underline{4}\phantom{2} \\[-3pt]
12 \\[-3pt]
\underline{12} \\
0
\end{array}
$$
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134524−1212−−0
附录:基本数学符号表(继续补充)
1、文本颜色
$$\color{black}{one}$$
$$\color{white}{one}$$
$$\color{gray}{one}$$
$$\color{silver}{one}$$
$$\color{maroon}{one}$$
$$\color{red}{one}$$
$$\color{yellow}{one}$$
$$\color{pink}{one}$$
$$\color{purple}{one}$$
$$\color{blue}{one}$$
$$\color{green}{one}$$
$$\color{orange}{one}$$
$$\color{teal}{one}$$
$$\color{olive}{one}$$
$$\color{navy}{one}$$
$$\color{fuchsia}{one}$$
$$\color{aqua}{one}$$
$$\color{lime}{one}$$
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one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
2、希腊字母
$$\alpha$$
$$\beta$$
$$\omega$$
$$\gamma$$
$$\delta$$
$$\epsilon$$
$$\eta$$
$$\xi$$
$$\phi$$
$$\sigma$$
$$\pi$$
$$\mu$$
$$\lambda$$
$$\theta$$
$$\kappa$$
$$\rho$$
$$\nu$$
$$\upsilon$$
$$\tau$$
$$\varphi$$
$$\chi$$
$$\psi$$
$$\iota$$
$$\zeta$$
$$\varepsilon$$
$$\varpi$$
$$\Gamma$$
$$\Delta$$
$$\Omega$$
$$\Lambda$$
$$\Phi$$
$$\Psi$$
$$\Sigma$$
$$\Pi$$
$$\Upsilon$$
$$\Theta$$
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α
β
ω
γ
δ
ϵ
η
ξ
ϕ
σ
π
μ
λ
θ
κ
ρ
ν
υ
τ
φ
χ
ψ
ι
ζ
ε
ϖ
Γ
Δ
Ω
Λ
Φ
Ψ
Σ
Π
Υ
Θ
3、函数
$$\arccos\arcsin\arctan\arg\cos\cosh\cot\coth\csc\deg$$
$$\det\dim\exp\gcd\hom\inf\ker\lg\lim$$
$$\liminf\limsup\ln\log\max\min\Pr\sec\sin\sinh\sup\tan\tanh$$
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arccosarcsinarctanargcoscoshcotcothcscdeg
detdimexpgcdhominfkerlglim
lim inflim suplnlogmaxminPrsecsinsinhsuptantanh
4、分隔符号
$$\uparrow\\ \Uparrow\\ \downarrow \\\Downarrow \{ \}$$
$$\updownarrow \\\Updownarrow\\ \lfloor\\ \rfloor$$
$$\lceil\\ \rceil \\\langle \\\rangle / \,\backslash $$
$$|{x} | \ddots\|{x_1}\|$$
大分隔符
$$\arrowvert \Arrowvert$$
$$\bracevert$$
$$\lgroup \rgroup$$
$$\lmoustache \rmoustache$$
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↑⇑↓⇓{}
↕⇕⌊⌋
⌈⌉⟨⟩/∖
|x|⋱∥x1∥
大分隔符
⏐‖
⎪
⟮⟯
⎰⎱