Chemical Biology progress _02

1. The average life of the protein in the cell: up to several days, hemoglobin may be present up to 3 months, the blood sugar measuring glycated hemoglobin; average life is 7-8h, histone there is a long time, there is a short time and the transcription factor.

2. Protein coding gene with a variety of form, different form in different states.

3. How to generate different form:

4. Example Regulation:
   Oxidation - Unstable
   ubiquitination -degradation
   methylation and acetylation Acetylation
   signaling- phosphorylation / formed complex, transfer signal

5. In the end how much proteoform
   Histone 4 75 Zhong proteoform
   the PTM (Protein Post-Translational Modification) protein post-transcriptional modification
   
   

How research PTM?

Modification sites, modification mechanism, influence on the structure and function
for histone: where and writer, reader, eraser or the like may determine the pathway; crosstalk between PTMs; function studies no high-though the method

(1) using antibody-modified residue of -beads enriched modified protein


glycosylation and have O-link Link-N

protein glycosylation
if its sugar chain, sugar-like chemical analogue applications, foreign enriched mixture type, able to replace intracellular molecules, such as adding glucose chemical modification, by the 38-step chemical reactions, with the azide and alkyne groups

because of the additional group is small, like glucose can be sent to the cell, can not distinguish between transferase in the future label can be finished What kind of protein to help us detect what kind of site modification, and ultimately through enrichment can collect up to these substances.
N-link
How to enrich azide and alkyne groups do?

click reation
bioorthogonal

conditions bioorthogonal:
must be at room temperature in an aqueous phase + + Aerobic
result biological cyclization reaction is typically cyclized compound

The following article compares the advantages and disadvantages of bio-orthogonal:

glycosylation summary: Find receptor,
sugar - sugar, fat modified -beginning- study of the biological function of
end-log

6. Lipid
   
   six relatively large esters
   Linzhi
   tangzhi
   cholesterol
   arachidonic acid

linzhi converted from triglycerides - glucose and lipid metabolism interlinked

The most important function of membrane-based system is configured to form a stable structure
and the second is signaling such as IP3 DAG
Third is a modified protein, zhihau protein, such as one step is autophage


protein lipidation-lipid secretion / autosis / menmbrane uptake

How lipidation modified proteins above article has to say, you can look at

the chemical modification learn

Howard hang the first time proteomic profiling the function of the protein

identification lipidation site is difficult, and the method of this article identified taget the site, IFITM3 antiviral the

lipidation site is difficult to identify, because it is hydrophobic, aliphatic spectrum undetectable.
With qiangan removed cysdine, exposed sites identified

IFITM3
by way of the image of an unnatural amino acid and

fatty acid synthesis, protein modification review
DHCC
cholesterol modified shh