[国家集训队]和与积(莫比乌斯反演)

Problem

  • 给出 \(n\) ,统计满足以下条件的数对 \((a,b)\) 的个数:
    1.\(1≤a<b≤n\)
    2.\(a+b|ab\)
  • \(n<2^{31}\)

    Solution

  • \(d=gcd(a,b),a=di,b=dj\),那么根据题意有:
  • \[(di+dj)|d^2ij\]
  • 即:
  • \[(i+j)|ijd\]
  • 又因为:
  • \[gcd(i,j)=1\]
  • 所以:
  • \[ij\%(i+j)!=0\]
  • 那么:
  • \[(i+j)|d\]
  • 那么问题转化为求满足以下条件的三元组 \((i,j,d)\) 的个数:
    1.\(gcd(i,j)=1\)
    2.\(i<j\)
    3.\(di,dj≤n\)

  • \[ans=\sum_{i=1}^{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}\lfloor{\frac{\lfloor{\frac{n}{i}}\rfloor}{i+j}}\rfloor [gcd(i,j)=1]\]
  • \[ans=\sum_{i=1}^{\sqrt{n}}\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}\lfloor{\frac{n}{i(i+j)}}\rfloor\sum_{k|gcd(i,j)}μ(k)\]
  • \(i=xk,j=yk\),那么:
  • \[ans=\sum_{k=1}^{\sqrt{n}}μ(k)\sum_{x=1}^{\lfloor{\frac{\sqrt{n}}{k}}\rfloor}\sum_{y=1}^{x-1}\lfloor{\frac{\lfloor{\frac{n}{xk^2}}\rfloor}{x+y}}\rfloor\]
  • 那么枚举 \(x,k\),然后对 \(x+y\) 整除分块即可。

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define ll long long

const int e = 1e6 + 5;
int n, mul[e];
bool bo[e];
ll ans;

inline ll solve(int x, int k)
{
    int m = 2 * x, j, t = n / (x * k * k), i;
    ll res = 0;
    for (i = x + 1; i < m; i = j + 1)
    {
        if (!(t / i)) return res;
        j = min(m - 1, t / (t / i));
        if (j - i + 1 >= 0) res += (ll)(j - i + 1) * (t / i);
    }
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    int s = sqrt(n), x, k, i, j;
    for (i = 1; i <= s; i++) mul[i] = 1;
    for (i = 2; i <= s; i++)
    if (!bo[i])
    {
        mul[i] = -1;
        for (j = 2 * i; j <= s; j += i)
        {
            bo[j] = 1;
            if (j / i % i == 0) mul[j] = 0;
            else mul[j] *= -1;
        }
    }
    for (k = 1; k <= s; k++)
    if (mul[k])
    for (x = 1; x * k * k <= n && x * k <= s; x++)
    ans += mul[k] * solve(x, k);
    cout << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/cyf32768/p/12196176.html