[Advanced Items] Project performance domain, information document configuration and change, standard and norm management (Chapter 18-19, 24 of the 4th edition textbook, knowledge of project norms)

The knowledge in this section may also test a small number of cases and papers

1. Configuration and change management

1.1 Information document

Configuration management does not belong to the top 10 management, but judging from previous exams, generally 1-2 points will be scored in the morning, and case analysis may be tested in the afternoon, which belongs to the key points and difficulties of the exam.
The knowledge points that may be tested are: document management level, configuration items, configuration library, roles in configuration management process activities, configuration auditing and other knowledge points

Information System Project Documentation and Its Management

• Software documentation is divided into three categories: development documentation, product documentation, management documentation
  
• The quality of documents can be divided into four levels:
  
  the standardized management of documents is mainly reflected in: @document writing norms, @chart numbering rules, @document catalog writing standards, @document management systems, etc.

1.2 Configuration Management

What is configuration management?

• Configuration management includes six activities: developing a configuration management plan, configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status reporting, configuration auditing, release management, and delivery.

• Typical configuration items : including project plans, requirements documents, design documents, source codes, executable codes, test cases, and various data required to run the software, which enter configuration management after review and inspection.
  Points to note: Test reports, meeting minutes, and work records are not included in the content of configuration items; because once formed, it is difficult to modify them!

• Configuration items can be divided into baseline configuration items and non-baseline configuration items:
  

• The status of configuration items
  can be divided into three types: "Draft", "Official" and "Modified". When a configuration item is first created, its status is "Draft" [0.YZ ]. After the configuration item passes the review, its status becomes "official" [XY]. Afterwards, if the configuration item is changed, its status will change to "Modify" [X.YZ ]. When the configuration item is modified and re-passed the review, its status becomes "official".
  

• Version number rules for configuration items
  

• Baselines usually correspond to milestones in the development process, and a product can have multiple baselines, or only one baseline .
  Baselines delivered to external customers are generally called release baselines , and baselines used for internal development are generally called construction baselines .

• For each baseline, define the following: events that establish the baseline, controlled configuration items, procedures for establishing and changing the baseline, and permissions required to approve changes to the baseline.
  

• Configure library permission settings
  

• The Configuration Control Board ( CCB ) is responsible for evaluating and approving configuration changes and overseeing the implementation of approved changes. Its members can include project managers, user representatives, product managers, development engineers, test engineers, quality control personnel, configuration administrators, etc. CCB does not need to be a permanent body, and can be formed according to the needs of the work, for example, different CCBs can be formed according to the change content and change request. A small project CCB can have only one person, or even just a part-time person. Usually, CCB not only controls configuration changes, but also undertakes more configuration management tasks, such as: configuration management plan approval, baseline establishment approval, product release approval, etc.

• Configuration administrators are responsible for configuration management activities throughout the project life cycle , specifically:
  writing configuration management plans, @establishing and maintaining configuration management systems, @establishing and maintaining configuration libraries, @identifying configuration items, @establishing and managing baselines , @Version management and configuration control, @Configuration status report, @Configuration audit, @Release management and delivery, @Conduct configuration management training to project members.

• Software configuration management is the process of establishing and maintaining the integrity of a project's product throughout the software lifecycle.

• The configuration management plan is formulated by the configuration administrator and approved by the configuration control committee.

• Configuration identification is the function of the configuration administrator, and the basic steps are as follows:
  ＠Identify the configuration items that need to be controlled.
  @Specify a unique identification number for each configuration item.
  @Define the important characteristics of each configuration item.
  @ Determine the owner of each configuration item and its responsibility.
  @Determine the time and conditions for configuration items to enter configuration management.
  @ Establish and control wild lines.
  @Maintain the relationship between revisions of documents and components and product versions.

• Configuration control is the change control of configuration items and baselines , including the following tasks: identifying and recording change requests, analyzing and evaluating changes, approving or rejecting requests, implementing, verifying, and releasing modified configuration items.

• Change process : @Change application, ©Evaluation, @Notification result, @Implementation, @Change certification and confirmation, @Change release, @Basic configuration library change control

• CCB is responsible for organizing the evaluation of the change application and determining the following: ＠The impact of the change on the project; ＠Whether the content of the change is necessary; ＠Whether the scope of the change is considered; ＠Whether the implementation plan of the change is feasible; .
  

1.3 Change Management

Basic Concepts of Project Change Management

• Due to the gradual improvement of the basic characteristics of item H , it means that the early consensus follows the progress of the project, and the deepening understanding of item H, the operation process and the pre-change are inevitable. Change control is essential because projects are rarely delivered in quality and quantity .

• The essence of change management is to constantly adjust the direction of project efforts and resource allocation according to the increasingly rich project H cognition in the process of project promotion, so as to meet project needs to the greatest extent and enhance project value.

• Change management is a set of management methods to deal with project changes in order to make the project baseline consistent with the actual implementation of the project .

• Common Causes of Change:
  Errors or omissions in definition of @Product Scope (Outcome).
  @Project scope (job) Definition of fault or omission.
  @ Value-added changes.
  @Emergency plan or avoidance plan to deal with risks.
  ＠Passive adjustments caused by inconsistencies between the project execution process and the benchmark requirements.
  @External events.

• Change classification
  According to the nature of the change, it can be divided into: Huangtai change, essential change and general change. Controlled by different approval authority.
  According to the urgency of the change, it can be divided into: urgent change and emergency change. This is done through different change handling processes.

Project Change Management Principles

• in principle:

Change management organization and work procedures

• The Project Control Board or Configuration Control Board (CCB), or similar organization with related functions, is the owner's representative of the project and decides which changes to accept. The multi-party personnel involved in the CCB mountain project are jointly composed, usually including the decision-makers of users and implementers. CCB is a decision-making body, not an operating body; usually the work of CCB is to decide whether the project baseline can be changed through review means, but does not propose a change plan. (Master) (21 on 53) |

• The project H manager is entrusted by the owner to be responsible for the project operation process, and his formal rights are obtained from the project charter, while the resource scheduling power is usually specified in the benchmark. Reserve resources not included in the baseline are subject to approval by the authorized person before use.

• Project change work procedures :
  
  (8) Judging whether the changed project has been brought into the normal track

The work content of project change management

• When the overall pressure of item H is high, you can use methods such as batch processing and prioritization to improve efficiency.
• 
  The scale of the project is small, and the degree of correlation with other projects is small. The proposal and handling process of the change can be simple and efficient in operation . However
  , the following points should be paid attention to in the change of thousands of small projects: 1. The factors that cause the change should be exerted influence : Prevent unnecessary changes, reduce unnecessary evaluation, and improve the passing efficiency of necessary changes.
  2 Confirmation of changes should be formalized.
  3 The operation process of the change should be standardized.
• 3. For project changes, corresponding version releases must be made, and corresponding emergency rollback plans must be formulated. In order to ensure the success of the version release, each version release should be managed before the version release, and a fallback plan should be prepared after the release fails.
• 4. Rollback steps:
  (1) Notify relevant users that the system starts to rollback.
  ( 2 ) Notify each associated system to roll back the version.
  ( 3 ) Roll back data objects such as stored procedures.
  ( 4 ) Configuration data fallback.
  ( 5 ) Version rollback of applications, interface programs, workflows, etc.
  ( 6 ) The completion of rollback is notified to each peripheral associated system.
  ( 7 ) Perform relevant tests after the rollback to ensure that the rollback system can operate normally
  ( 8 ) Notify the user that the rollback is complete.

2. Standard specification (contract management, intellectual property rights)

2.1 Contract Management

The papers on contract management are relatively partial, and this part likes to be linked with relevant laws and regulations such as contract law, bidding law, and government procurement law.

Basic concepts related to contract management

• Classification of contracts:
  

Contract management process:

• Contract management includes: contract signing management, contract performance management, contract change management, contract file management, and contract breach claim management.

• Before signing the contract, the following tasks should be done well:
  (1) First, market research should be done well . Mainly understand the technical development status of products, market supply and demand and market prices. (2) Secondly, a credit investigation
  of potential partners or competitors should be conducted to accurately grasp the real picture of the other party and correctly judge the intensity of competition. ( 3 ) Finally, understand the relevant environment and make correct risk analysis and judgment .
  

• In order to make the contracting parties have a consistent understanding of the contract, the following suggestions are suggested:
  (1) Use the national or industry standard contract format.
  ( 2 ) In order to avoid contract disputes caused by incomplete or ambiguous terms, it is therefore necessary for both parties to have a further understanding of the agreed terms before reaching a deal and signing a contract. The description of the subject matter of the contract must meet the standard requirements of accuracy, conciseness and clarity, and avoid ambiguity. For example:
  if the subject matter of the contract is the sale of equipment, the name, brand, unit of measurement and price of the equipment must be specified, and the description such as "purchase a computer" must not be written.
  ( 3 ) The quality clauses in the contract should specify specifications, models, applicable standards, etc., to avoid disputes after the contract is concluded because the applicable standards adopt international, national, local, industry or other standards.
  (4) The changes, transfers, cancellations, etc. in the dry contract should also be explained in detail.
  (6) For contracts that include both tender documents and formal contracts, attachments, etc., the applicable order must be listed in the clauses.
  ( 7 ) In order to avoid contract disputes and ensure the legality and validity of the contract, the parties involved will submit the signed contract to a notary office for notarization.

• 4. The methods of dispute resolution mainly include alternative dispute resolution methods (including mediation, arbitration, etc.) and litigation. The order of priority is negotiation (negotiation), mediation, arbitration, litigation.

• 5. If the modification of the contract in Item H causes losses to the other party, the responsible party shall be responsible for compensation, except for those that can be exempted according to law. When one party requests to revise the contract, it shall first propose to the other party in written form. The other party shall make a written reply in time after receiving the request for modification of the project contract. If you agree to the change, it means that the change of the contract has taken legal effect.

• In order to avoid contract disputes and ensure the legality and validity of the contract, the parties concerned will notarize the signed contract to the notary office

• Dispute resolution methods mainly include alternative dispute resolution methods (including mediation, arbitration, etc.) and litigation. The order of priority is negotiation (negotiation), mediation, arbitration, litigation.

• If the modification of the contract in Item H causes losses to the other party, the responsible party shall be responsible for compensation , except for those that can be exempted according to law . When one party requests to revise the contract, it shall first propose to the other party in written form. The other party shall make a written reply in time after receiving the request for modification of the project contract. If you agree to the change, it means that the change of the contract has taken legal effect.

• Contract file management (text management) is the basis of the entire contract management. Contract file management also includes original and copy management , contract document format, etc. In terms of text format, in order to restrict executives from amending the contract at will, it is generally required to use computer-printed text, and handwritten marginal notes and amendments do not have legal effect. (master)

• Claims and Counterclaims are collectively referred to as Contract Claims.
  According to the classification of claim H, it can be divided into construction period claim and expense claim. (Nature: financial compensation, not punishment) (mastery)

• An important precondition for a contract claim is that one or both parties to the contract has breached the contract and the fact that it has caused losses, and the other party should bear the responsibility. As for the contract claim, if the delay is caused by objective reasons and the buyer cannot predict it, for example, if the special abnormal weather meets the conditions stipulated in the contract, the seller may get an extension of the construction period, but not the payment compensate. If the construction period is delayed due to the buyer's reasons, the seller should not only extend the construction period, but also provide compensation for the cost.
  

2.2 Intellectual property rights and standards (Contract Law, Bidding Law, Copyright Law, Government Procurement Law)

contract law

• An offer is an expression of intention to conclude a contract with another person , and the expression of intention should be specifically determined; an invitation to offer is an expression of intention to hope that others will make an offer to oneself, such as sent price lists, auction announcements, tender announcements, prospectuses, commercial advertisements Wait, it's an invitation to an offer. Bid documents can also be considered as an offer . In addition, if the content of the commercial advertisement conforms to the provisions of the offer, it is considered an offer

• An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree . If the contract is concluded in the form of data message, if the recipient designates a specific system to receive the data message, the time when the data message enters the specific system shall be deemed as the arrival time; if no specific system is designated, the time when the data message enters any system of the recipient The first time is considered as the time of arrival.

• Where an offer is made by letter or telegram, the acceptance period shall be counted from the date specified in the letter or the date of delivery of the telegram . If the letter does not specify a date, it shall be counted from the postmark date of posting the letter. Where an offer is made by means of rapid communication such as telephone or fax, the time limit for acceptance shall be calculated from the time when the offer reaches the offeree.

• **Standard clauses are the clauses that the parties have drawn up in advance for repeated use,** and have not negotiated with the other party when signing the contract. In case of any dispute over the understanding of the standard terms, it shall be interpreted according to the common understanding. If there are two or more interpretations of the standard terms, an interpretation that is unfavorable to the party providing the standard terms shall be made. If the standard terms and non-standard terms are inconsistent, the non-standard terms shall be adopted.

• The commercial secrets learned by the parties during the conclusion of the contract shall not be disclosed or improperly used, regardless of whether the contract is established or not . If the disclosure or improper use of the trade secret causes losses to the other party, it shall be liable for damages.

• If the parties have not clearly agreed on the content of the contract , the following provisions shall apply:
  ♦@If the quality requirements are not clear, it shall be performed in accordance with national standards or industry standards;
  ♦ @If the price or remuneration is not clear, it shall be performed according to the market price at the place of performance at the time of conclusion of the contract; if the government price or government-guided price should be implemented according to law, it shall be performed according to the regulations.
  ♦ @The place of performance is not clear. If the currency is paid, the performance shall be performed at the place where the party accepting the currency is located;
  ♦ @ If the time limit for performance is not clear, the investigator can perform at any time, and the creditor can also request performance at any time, but the other party should be given the necessary preparation time.
  ♦ @If the method of performance is not clear, it shall be performed in the way that Liqian realizes the purpose of the contract.
  ♦ @If the burden of performance costs is not clear, it shall be borne by the party performing the obligation.

• If the parties have not clearly agreed on the content of the contract modification, it is presumed that it has not been modified.

• If the obligee assigns the rights, he shall notify the debtor. Without notification, the assignment shall not be effective against the investigator . The obligee's notice of assignment of rights shall not be revoked, except with the consent of the assignee.

• If the investigator transfers all or part of the obligations under the contract to a third party, it shall obtain the consent of the obligee .
  If the parties owe debts to each other and the subject matter is not of the same type or quality, it can also be set off after mutual agreement. If the party paying the deposit
  fails to perform the agreed debt, it has no right to demand the return of the deposit ; Double the deposit back .

• If the contract text is concluded in two or more languages ​​and agrees to have the same effect, the terms used in each text are presumed to have the same meaning. If the terms used in different texts are inconsistent, they shall be interpreted according to the purpose of the contract.

bidding law

• Summary of time for bidding law and government procurement law :
  

• The following engineering construction items H (including project survey, design, construction, supervision, and procurement of important equipment and materials related to engineering construction) must be subject to bidding :
  @Large infrastructure, public utilities, etc. are related to social public interests and public safety items . @Project H that uses state-owned capital investment or state financing
  in whole or in part . ＠Items using loans and aid funds from international organizations or foreign governments .
  

• No unit or individual may break up a project subject to bidding according to law or avoid bidding in any other way . Tendering and bidding activities shall follow the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality and good faith. For projects that must be subject to bidding, their bidding activities are not restricted by regions or departments .
  No unit or individual shall illegally restrict or exclude legal persons or other organizations outside the region or the system from participating in bidding, and shall not illegally interfere with bidding activities in any way.

• Bidding is divided into public bidding and invitation bidding.
  ♦ Public bidding means that the tenderer invites unspecified legal persons or other organizations to bid by way of bidding announcement; ♦
  Invited bidding means that the tenderer invites specific legal persons or other organizations to bid by way of bidding invitation.

• National key projects determined by the development and planning department of the State Council and local key projects determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government that are not suitable for public bidding shall be listed for invitational bidding upon approval by the development and planning department of the State Council or the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government .

• The tenderee has the right to choose a tendering agency on its own and entrust it to handle tendering matters. No unit or individual may in any way designate a bidding agency for the tenderee.

• Bidding agencies shall not have any relationship of affiliation or other interests with administrative organs and other state organs.

• If the tenderee adopts the method of public bidding , it shall issue a bidding announcement . Bidding announcements for projects subject to bidding according to law shall be published through newspapers, periodicals, information networks or other media designated by the state. The bidding announcement shall state the name and address of the tenderer, the nature and time of the bidding project, as well as the acquisition of bids, methods and other matters.

• If the tenderer adopts the method of invitation to bid , it shall issue bid invitation letters to three or more specific legal persons or other organizations with the ability to undertake the bidding project and good credit. The items to be stated in the bidding invitation are the same as those in the bidding announcement.

• The tenderee may, in accordance with the requirements of the bidding project itself , require potential bidders to provide relevant qualification certification documents and performance information in the bidding announcement or invitation to bid , and conduct qualification examinations on potential bidders. The tenderee shall not restrict or exclude potential bidders with unreasonable
  conditions, and shall not discriminate against potential bidders.

• The bid inviter shall prepare the bid invitation documents according to the characteristics and needs of the bid invitation project . Bidding documents shall include the bidding project and the main terms of the contract to be signed.

• If a bidding project needs to divide the tender sections and determine the construction period , the tenderee shall reasonably divide the tender sections and determine the construction period, and state it in the tender documents. Bidding documents shall not require or indicate specific production supplies and other content that tends to or excludes potential bidders .

• The tenderee may organize potential bidders to visit the project site according to the specific conditions of the bidding project. If the tenderee shall not set a base bid to the tenderee, the base bid must be kept secret.

• If the tenderee makes necessary clarifications or amendments to the issued tender documents, it shall notify all recipients of the tender documents in written form at least 15 days before the deadline for submission of tender documents as required by the tender documents. **The content of clarification or modification is an integral part of the bidding documents.

• The tenderee shall determine the reasonable time required for the bidder to prepare the bidding documents . However, for projects that must be subject to bidding according to law, the shortest period from the date when the bidding documents are issued to the deadline for bidders to submit their bidding documents shall not be shorter than 1,000 and 20 days.
  The bidder seeks to win the bid by bribing the bid inviter or members of the bid evaluation committee. Bidders are not allowed to bid at a price lower than the cost, nor to bid in the name of others or cheat in other ways to defraud the winning bid.

• Bid opening shall be open to the public at the same time as the deadline for submitting bid documents specified in the bidding documents. The place of bid opening shall be the place predetermined in the bidding documents. The Bid Opening Hill Tenderer hosts and invites all bidders to participate.

• When the bid is opened, the bidder or his representative can check the seal of the bid document , or it can be checked and notarized by a notary agency entrusted by the tenderer; after confirmation, the staff of the mountain will open the seal in public and read out the bidder's name, bid price and bid price. Other main content of the file. All tender documents received by the tenderee before the deadline for submission of tender documents required by the tender documents shall be unpacked and read out in public when the bid is opened. The bid opening process shall be recorded and archived for future reference .

• The bid evaluation committee legally established by the tenderer of Bid Evaluation Mountain shall be responsible . For projects that require bidding according to law, the bid evaluation committee shall be composed of representatives of the tenderer and experts in relevant
  technical and economic fields. 2/2 . Experts should have been engaged in relevant fields for eight years and have senior professional titles or the same professional level . The list of professional experts; the general bidding item H can be randomly selected, and the special bidding item H can be directly determined by the tenderee. Persons who have an interest in the bidder are not allowed to enter the bid evaluation committee of the relevant project, and those who have already entered should be replaced. The list of bid evaluation committee members shall be kept confidential until the bid winning result is determined.

• The tenderee shall take necessary measures to ensure that the bid evaluation is conducted in strict confidentiality . No unit or individual may illegally interfere with or affect the process and results of bid evaluation.

• The Bid Evaluation Committee may require bidders to make necessary clarifications or explanations on the unclear content in the bidding documents , but the clarifications or explanations shall not exceed the scope of the bidding documents or change the substantive content of the bidding documents. The bid evaluation committee shall review and compare the bid documents
  in accordance with the bid evaluation standards and methods determined in the bid invitation documents ; if there is a base bid, it shall refer to the base bid. After the bid evaluation committee completes the bid evaluation, it shall submit a written bid evaluation report to the tenderee and recommend qualified bid-winning candidates. The bid inviter determines the bid winner based on the written bid evaluation report submitted by the bid evaluation committee and the recommended bid-winning candidates. The tenderee may also authorize the bid evaluation committee to directly determine the winning bidder

• The bid of the winning bidder shall meet one of the following conditions:
  ♦ All comprehensive evaluation criteria stipulated in the bidding documents shall be satisfied to the greatest extent.
  ♦ It can meet the substantive requirements of the bidding documents, and the evaluated bid price is the lowest; however, the bid price is lower than the cost.

• If the bid evaluation committee considers that all bids do not meet the requirements of the bidding documents after evaluation , it may reject all bids . If all bids for a project subject to bidding according to law are rejected, the tenderee shall invite new bids .

• Before determining the winning bidder, the tenderee shall not negotiate with the bidder on the bidding price, bidding plan and other substantive contents .
  Members of the bid evaluation committee shall perform their duties objectively and impartially; / Comply with professional ethics and take personal responsibility for the evaluation opinions put forward. Members of the bid evaluation committee shall not contact bidders in private, and shall not accept property or other benefits from bidders . Members of the bid evaluation committee and relevant staff involved in the bid evaluation shall not disclose the evaluation and comparison of bid documents, the recommendation of bid-winning candidates, and other information related to bid evaluation.

• After the bid winner is determined, the tenderee shall issue a bid winning notice to the bid winner, and at the same time notify all unsuccessful bidders of the bid winning result.
  The bid winning notice has legal effect on the tenderee and the bid winner. After the bid winning notice is issued, if the bid inviter changes the bid winning result, or if the bid winner abandons the bid winning project, he shall bear legal responsibility according to law. The tenderee and the winning bidder shall conclude a written contract in accordance with the bidding documents and the bidding documents of the winning bidder within 30 days from the date of issuance of the bid-winning notice .
  The tenderee and the successful bidder shall not enter into other agreements that deviate from the substantive content of the contract. If the bidding documents require the bid winner to submit a performance bond, the bid winner shall submit it.

• For items H that require bidding according to law , the tenderee shall submit a written report on the bidding situation to the relevant administrative supervision department within 15 days from the date of determining the bid winner.

• The winning bidder shall perform its obligations in accordance with the contract and complete the bid-winning project. The winning bidder shall not transfer the winning project to others, nor shall it dismember the winning project and transfer it to others separately. The winning bidder may subcontract part of the non-subject and non-critical work of the winning project to others in accordance with the contract or with the consent of the tenderee. The person who accepts the subcontract shall have the corresponding qualifications. The successful bidder shall be responsible to the tenderee for the subcontract item H, and the person who accepts the subcontract shall bear joint and several liabilities for the subcontract item.

Copyright Law

• When the copyright law identifies the copyright owner, it is based on the fact of creation, and creation refers to the intellectual activity that directly produces literary, artistic and scientific works. Those who organize, provide consulting opinions, material conditions, or perform other auxiliary work for other people's creation are not within the scope of creation and are not recognized as copyright owners.
• The copyright owner has the following five rights to the work: the right to publish, @signature right, @modification right, @protect the integrity of the work, @usage right, use license right and get remuneration right, transfer right;
  signature right, modification right, protection There is no limit to the protection period of the integrity right of the work , and it will always be protected by law; the protection period of
  the publication right, use right and remuneration right is the author's life and 50 years after his death ( December 31 of the 50th year
  ) . After the death of the author, the copyright is transferred in accordance with the inheritance law .
• Copyright belongs to thousand units. The protection period of the publication right, use right and remuneration right is 50 years (December 31st of the 50th year after the first publication), if it is not published within 50 years, it will not be protected . However, after the unit is changed or terminated, its copyright shall be enjoyed by the unit that assumes its rights and obligations.
• It is possible without the permission of the copyright owner and without payment of remuneration, but the name of the author and the title of the work should be specified, and other copyrights must not be violated:
  (1) For personal study, research or appreciation, use other people's published works; for school classroom teaching or Scientific research, translation or a small amount of reproduction of published works for the use of teaching or scientific research personnel, but shall not be published.
  (2) In order to introduce, comment on a certain work or explain a certain issue, appropriately cite the published works of others in the work; in order to report current affairs news, cite published works in newspapers, periodicals, radio, TV programs or news documentaries work.
  (3) Newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, and television stations publish or broadcast editorials and commentators’ articles already published by other newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, and television stations; newspapers, periodicals, radio stations, and television stations publish or broadcast speeches delivered at public gatherings , except that the author declares that it is not allowed to be published or played.
  (4) State agencies use published works for official duties; libraries, archives, memorial halls, museums and art galleries, etc., reproduce works collected by the library for the purpose of displaying or preserving editions.
  ( 5 ) Free performance of published works.
  ( 6 ) Conducting staging, painting, photography and video recording of art works installed or displayed in outdoor public places.
  (7) Translate published works written in Han language into minority languages ​​for domestic publication, and publish published works in Braille.
• If the copyright owner submits a manuscript to the journal agency, the journal agency shall promptly notify the copyright owner whether to adopt it. If the copyright owner does not receive the notification of the journal agency's decision to adopt it within 30 days from the date of submission, the copyright owner may submit the same work to other journal agencies. If the copyright owner has agreed otherwise with the newspaper or periodical agency, such agreement shall prevail.

Government Procurement Law

• Government procurement refers to the act of government agencies at all levels, public institutions and organizations using fiscal funds to purchase goods, projects and services that are within the centralized procurement catalog formulated according to law or that are above the procurement quota.
  

2.3 National Standards for Software Engineering

• Levels of China's standards
  Standards can be divided into international standards, national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards.
  International standards mainly refer to the standards formulated and approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  National standards and the standardization administrative department of the State Council formulate plans, organize drafting, unified approval, numbering and release.