【Soft Exam】System Integration Project Management Engineer Chapter 1 Information Knowledge

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1.1 Information and informatization

1.1.1 Information

Information transfer model:

• 信息的传输模型
  • Source - the entity that produces the information
  • Destination - the destination of information
  • Channel - the channel through which information is transmitted, such as TCP/IP网络
    the physical channel of this network can be optical fiber, coaxial cable, twisted pair4G网络 , or even satellite or microwave
  • Encoders - such as quantizers , compression encoders, modulators , etc.
  • Decoder - including demodulator, decoder, digital-to-analog converter
  • Noise - can be understood as interference, mainly干扰信道

Example:
【18】Based on TCP/IP协议的网络( ) belonging to the information transmission model.

A. Source
B.信道
C. Sink
D. Codec

【19】In the information transmission model, ( ) belongs to the decoder.

A. Compression encoder
B. Quantizer
C.解调器
D. TCP/IP network

1.1.2 Information system

• 信息系统的组成

  • Hardware
    Consists of computer equipment that performs input, processing, and output activities. Input devices include keyboards, automatic scanning devices, voice recognition devices, and the like.
  • Software
    Consists of the programs that manage the running of a computer. Including device drivers, system software, database management systems, middleware, application software, etc.
  • A database is a collection of facts and information
    that have been institutionalized and standardized . A database is one of the most valuable and important parts of an information system.

• 系统的特点

  • Purpose
    Defining a system, composing a system, or abstracting a system has clear goal or purpose
  • Nestability
    A system can include several subsystems , and systems can also be coupled into a larger system.
  • Stability
    Constrained by rules, the internal structure and order of the system should be predictable
  • Openness
    The openness of a system refers to the accessibility of the system. This characteristic determines the system可以被外部环境识别
  • Vulnerability
    This feature corresponds to the stability of the system, that is, the system may exist 丧失结构、功能、秩序的特性, and this feature is often hidden and difficult to be perceived by the outside world
  • Robustness
    When the system faces interference, input errors, intrusion and other factors, the system 可能会出现非预期的状态will lose its original function, have errors or even show destructive functions

[19 below] The () of the information system determines that the system can be recognized by the external environment, and the external environment or other systems can use the functions of the system or affect the behavior of the system according to a predetermined method.
A. Nestability
B.
C.开放性
Stability D. Robustness

【20下】The ( ) of the information system means that the system is more 可能存在着丧失结构功能秩序的特性
A. availability
B. openness
C. 脆弱性
D. stability

【21上】The ability of information system to resist 出现非预期状态的特性is called ( )
A. Stability
B. 健壮性
C. Security
D. Availability

1.1.3 Informatization

• 信息化从小到大分成5个层次

  • (1) Product informatization
    such as smart TVs, smart lamps, etc.
    Such as cars integrated with on-board computer systems.
  • (2) Enterprise informatization,
    manufacturing system, ERP、CRM、SCMetc.
  • (3) 产业信息化
    Agriculture, industry, transportation, manufacturing, and service industries form a large information system
  • (4) National economy informatization
    Finance, trade, investment, planning, customs clearance, marketing
  • (5) Informatization of social life
    智慧城市、互联网金融

• 信息化

  • Subjects
    全体社会成员include the government, enterprises, institutions, groups and individuals
  • time domain
    long process
  • Airspace
    All areas of politics, economy, culture, military and society
  • Means Advanced social production tools
    based on modern information technology
  • The way
    is to create social productive forces in the information age
  • Objectives To comprehensively improve
    the comprehensive strength of the country, the civilized quality of the society and the quality of life of the people

【17】Informatization construction is an important part of China's modernization drive, 信息化的手段是().

A. Create social productive forces in the information age, promote the reform of social production relations and social superstructure

B. Improve the overall strength of the country, the quality of social civilization and the quality of life of the people

C.基于现代信息技术的先进社会生产工具

D. The joint efforts of all members of society, including the government, enterprises, undertakings, groups and individuals include

【18上】Regarding the description of "Informatization", `The incorrect one is ().

A. The means of informatization are advanced social production tools based on modern information technology

B. Informatization is the process of comprehensively utilizing various information technologies to transform and support various human activities

C. Internet finance is a manifestation and an important development direction of informatization of social life

D. 信息化的subject is信息技术领域的从业者，包括开发和测试人员

【19】( ) 不属于Enterprise information application system.

A. Supply Chain Management (SCM)

B. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

C. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

D.面向服务的架构(SOA)

【21上】The description of the basic connotation of informatization 不正确is ()

A.信息化的subject is信息化主管部门

B. The time domain of informatization is a long-term process

C. The way of informatization is to create social productive forces in the information age and promote the reform of social production relations and social superstructure

D. The goal of informatization is to comprehensively improve the comprehensive strength of the country, the civilized quality of the society and the quality of life of the people

【21】Informatization is divided into from "small" to "big": product informatization, enterprise informatization, ( ), national economy informatization and social life informatization.

A. Group informatization

B.产业信息化

C. Educational informationization

D. Industrial informatization

[National 22] Informatization is divided into 5 levels from small to large, in order: ().

A. Enterprise informatization—product informatization—industry informatization—national economy informatization—social life informatization

B. Product informatization—enterprise informatization—industry informatization—social life informatization—national economy informatization

C.产品信息化—企业信息化—产业信息化—国民经济信息化—社会生活信息化

D. Enterprise informatization—product informatization—social life informatization—industry informatization—national economy informatization

1.1.4 Elements of national information system

[17] Among the six elements of the national informatization system, ( ) is the basis for informatization construction.

A.信息技术和产业

B. Informatization policies, regulations and standards

C. Development and utilization of information resources
D. Information talents

【Bottom 17】 Among the elements of national informatization system, ( ) is the main position of national informatization, which embodies the needs and benefits of national informatization construction.

A. 信息技术应用

B. Information network

C. Information resources

D. Information technology talents

【18】The development of commercial exploratory applications of blockchain technology is an element of () in the national information system.

A.信息技术应用

B. Information network

C. Information resources

D. Information technology and industry

[National 22] Informatization policies, regulations and standards are the express, continuous, effective and healthy development of national informatization ( ).

A. Application Basics

B.根本保障

C. The foundation of success

D. Core tasks

1.1.5 Development Trend of Information Technology

• "十三五”规划

  • Cultivate artificial intelligence, mobile smart terminals, 第五代移动通信（5G）advanced sensors

• 虚拟计算

  • In the computer field, 虚拟化this resource management technology is to abstract, encapsulate, standardize and present various physical resources of the computer, such as servers, networks, memory and storage , etc., to break the inseparable barriers between physical structures, so that users can use these resources in a better way than the original configuration
  • Virtualization technology mainly includes 服务器虚拟化、内存虚拟化、存储虚拟化、网络虚拟化、应用虚拟化及桌面虚拟化.
  • In the actual production environment, 虚拟化技术it is mainly used to solve the overcapacity of high-performance physical hardware and the reorganization and reuse of old hardware with low capacity, and transparentize the underlying physical hardware , so as to maximize the use of physical hardware

• 两化融合

  • Integration of industrialization and informationization

【18】According to my country's 13th Five-Year Plan Outline, ( ) does not belong to the focus of innovation and development of the new generation of information technology industry

A) artificial intelligence

B. Mobile Smart Terminal

C. Advanced Sensors

D.4G

[19 below] In the actual production environment, ( ) can make the underlying physical hardware transparent, and realize the recombination and use of high-performance physical hardware and old physical hardware.

A. General technology

B. Intelligent technology

C. Remote Sensing and Sensing Technology

D. 虚拟化技术

【20下】 ( ) It can abstract, encapsulate, standardize, and present physical resources such as computer server network memory and storage, and present them, breaking the inseparable barriers between physical structures and enabling users to better use these resources

A. 虚拟化技术

B. Artificial intelligence technology

C. Sensing technology

D. Blockchain technology

[Guang 22 Shang] Virtual machine technology mainly includes ( ).
①Network virtualization;
②Storage virtualization;
③Data virtualization:
④Application virtualization:
⑤Desktop virtualization;

A.①②④⑤

B.①②③④

c.②③④⑤

D.①②③⑤

1.3 E-government

1.3.1 The concept and content of e-government

• 1. The concept of e-government
  • It refers to the use of modern information technology by government agencies in their management and service functions to realize the reorganization and optimization of government organizational structure and work processes, beyond the constraints of time, space and departmental separation, and build a streamlined, efficient, clean and fair government operation model.

• 2. Contents of e-government

  • (1) Intergovernmental e-government (G2G)
  • (2) Government-to-business e-government (G2B)
  • (3) Government-to-public e-government (G2C)
  • (4) Government to civil servants (G2E)

1.3.2 The current situation of my country's e-government development

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1.3.3 Guiding ideology and development policy of e-government construction

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1.3.4 Development direction and application focus of e-government construction

• Build and improve the public platform of e-government
  • (1) Complete the top-level design of the e-government public platform based 云计算on .
  • (2) Comprehensively enhance the technical service capability of e-government.
  • (3) Formulate e-government 云计算standards and specifications
  • (4) Encourage 云计算migration to patterns

Example:
[17] The content of e-government is very extensive, and our common Chinese government procurement network belongs to ( ).

A.G2G

B.G2C

C.G2E

D.G2B

【18】my country has successively established a national information system represented by the "Two Networks, One Station, Four Repositories, and Twelve Funds" projects, of which "One Station" belongs to the () e-government model.

A.G2G

B.G2C

C.G2E

D.B2C

【18】Construction and improvement of the e-government public platform includes the construction of the top-level design of the e-government public platform based on (), the formulation of relevant standards and specifications, etc.

A. 云计算

B.artificial intelligence

C. Internet of Things

D. Blockchain

【19上】In the types of e-government, the one that belongs to the government to the public is ( ).

A. G2B

B.G2E

C. G2G

D. G2C

[National 22] In e-government affairs, the establishment of an effective government administrative office and administrative personnel management system belongs to the ( ) mode.

A. Government to Government (G2G)

B. Government-to-Community (G2C)

C. Government to Business (G2B)

D.政府对公务员（G2E）

1.4 Enterprise informatization and deep integration of the two

1.4.1 Overview of Enterprise Informatization

• 1. Connotation of enterprise informatization

  • From the perspective of historical materialism, enterprise informatization is 劳动工具the technological progress.

  • Enterprise information structure
    

  • Mantra: production management decision-making

• 2. From the integration of industrialization and industrialization to the development of enterprise informatization in Made in China 2025

  • Instead, we 不能等工业化完成后才开始信息化或停下工业化只搞信息化should seize the opportunity of the Internet revolution to promote industrialization through informatization, and lay the foundation for informatization through industrialization.走信息化和工业化井举、融合、互动、互相促进、共同发展之路。
  • China's enterprise informatization has gone through the process of product informatization, production informatization, process informatization, management informatization, decision-making informatization, business informatization, etc. Implementation is an important way for enterprises to implement the strategic plan of "Made in China 2025 两化深度融合"

• 4. The strategic points of my country's enterprise informatization development:

  • 1）以信息化带动工业化
  • 2) Integration and penetration of informatization and the whole process of enterprise business
  • 3) The positive interaction between the development of information industry and enterprise informatization
  • 4) Give full play to the guiding role of the government
  • 5) Attach great importance to information security
  • 6) Organic combination of enterprise informatization and enterprise restructuring and formation of modern enterprise system

• 5. Guiding ideology and principles for promoting enterprise informatization

  • (1) Benefit principle
  • (2) The principle of "handleman"
    In the implementation process of enterprise informatization, the responsibility system of the highest person in charge of the enterprise must be adhered to. It is to adhere to the principle of "leading leaders" in the process of enterprise information construction
  • (3) The principle of combining medium and long-term construction with short-term construction
  • (4) Principles of standardization and standardization
  • (5) The principle of people-oriented
    In the process of informatization, enterprises must form a high-level and stable informatization talent team 建立和完善信息化人才激励机制.

• 6. Promote the deep integration of informatization and industrialization

  • Accelerate the promotion of the integration and development of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology, and take it 智能制造as the main direction of the deep integration of the two
  • 推进制造过程智能化, to pilot the construction of smart factories/digital workshops in key areas, and to accelerate the application of technologies and equipment such as human-computer intelligent interaction industrial robots, intelligent logistics management, and additive manufacturing in the production process

example:

[17 below] "Made in China 2025" puts forward the important task of "promoting the deep integration of informatization and industrialization", accelerates the integration and development of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology, and takes ( ) as the main direction of the deep integration of the two.

A) artificial intelligence

B. 智能制造

c. big data

D. cloud computing

【18下】About the deep integration of my country's industrialization and informatization, the incorrect one is ()

A. Industrialization is the foundation of informatization, and the two interact and develop together

B. Industrialization brings strong market demand for the development of informatization

C. 信息化是当务之急，可以减缓工业化，集中实现信息化

D. We must seize the opportunity of the Internet revolution and promote industrialization through informatization

[19] "Made in China 2025" proposes "promoting in-depth integration of informatization and industrialization" in the strategic tasks and priorities. Among them, the work content of ( ) includes piloting the construction of smart factories/digital workshops in key areas, accelerating the application of human-computer intelligent interaction, industrial robots, intelligent logistics management and other technologies and equipment in the production process, and promoting the simulation optimization of manufacturing processes, digital control, real-time monitoring of status information and adaptive control.

A. 推进制造过程智能化

B. Establish and improve the management standard system of intelligent manufacturing and integration of industrialization and industrialization

C. Strengthen the construction of Internet infrastructure

D. Deepen the application of the Internet in the manufacturing field

[Bottom 19] Enterprise information structure does not include ( ).

A.数据层

B. Job layer

C. Management

D. Decision-making level

[Bottom 19] Pilot the construction of smart factories, digital workshops in key areas, accelerate the application of technologies such as artificial intelligence interaction, industrial robots, and smart material and energy management in the production process. Belongs to Manufacturing Engineering ( ).

A. Informatization

B.智能化

c. Standardization

Dindustrialization

【20下】Which is incorrect about the description of the key points of my country's enterprise informatization development strategy ( ).

A.注重以工业化带动信息化

B. Give full play to the guiding role of the government

C. Attaching great importance to information security

D. Promoting enterprise informatization according to local conditions

【20下】Implementation ( ) is an important way for enterprises to implement the strategic plan of "Made in China 2025"

A. big data

B. Cloud Computing

C. 两化深度融合

D. Blockchain

【21】The ones that do not belong to the key points of my country's enterprise informatization development strategy are ( ).

A. Attach great importance to information security

B. Developing the leading role of the government

C. 以工业化带动信息化

D. Promote industrial informatization according to local conditions

[Guang 22 Shang] The enterprise information structure contains ().

①Product (service) layer:
②Operation layer:
③Decision-making layer:
④Customer layer:
⑤Management layer:
⑥Data layer

A. ①②③④

B.①②③⑤

C.②④⑤⑥

D.③④⑤⑥

【National 22】Looking at the historical coordinate axis, enterprise informatization is ( ).

A. Changes in production relations

B.劳动工具的技术进步

C. Worker Substitution

D. Abandonment of traditional production techniques

[Analysis] P36, from the perspective of historical materialism, enterprise informatization is a technological progress of labor tools. Since 1945, with the development of electronic technology, electronic information technology with computer and network technology as the core has gradually penetrated and completely transformed the research and development, manufacturing, office and management of enterprises, making traditional manual work tools develop into intelligent and automated work tools. Therefore, observing enterprise informatization with the history of more than 60 years as the coordinate axis, along the axis is the process of information technology gradually transforming traditional production methods, and on a certain axis point is the form of information technology application.

1.4.2 Enterprise Resource Planning ERP

1.4.3 Customer Relationship Management CRM

1.4.4 Supply Chain Management SCM

1.4.5 E-commerce

• E-commerce development history

  • EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) is the link connecting the original e-commerce and modern e-commerce
  • (1) Original e-commerce
    Any use of 电报、电话、广播、电视、传真以及计算机、计算机网络means, tools and technologies such as e-commerce for business activities can be called e-commerce.
  • (2) Modern e-commerce
    In the network environment, buyers and sellers do not need to meet to realize online (online) transactions, online payment (or cash on delivery), intelligent distribution and all activities related to comprehensive services

• Basic Features:

  • Ubiquitous
    Integrated into the digital network economy
  • Convenience
    All parties are not restricted by geography, environment, and transaction time
  • Integrity
    Integrate manual operations and electronic information processing into an indivisible whole
  • safety
    加密、身份认证、防入侵、数字签名、防病毒等技术手段
  • Coordination
    Business activity itself is a process of consultation and coordination

  

• infrastructure

  • Network infrastructure——信息传输平台、运行TCP/IP网络协议、网络接入
  • Infrastructure for multimedia content and web publishing - responsible for managing the various types of information involved, including文字、语音、图像、视频
  • Infrastructure for messaging and information dissemination—电子邮件系统、在线交流系统、基于HTTP或HTTPS的信息传输系统、流媒体播放系统
  • Infrastructure for business services—商品目录和价格目录、电子支付网关、安全认证
  • Technical standards - defines 用户接口、传输协议、信息发布标准、安全协议technical details such as
  • Policies, laws— 税收制度、信用管理及收费、隐私问题and other rules and regulations made by the government

• According to the transaction object, the e-commerce model includes:

  • (1) E-commerce between enterprises,B2B
  • (2) E-commerce between enterprises and individual consumers,B2C
  • (3) E-commerce between consumers and consumers,C2C
  • (4) o2o
    1. 线上Purchase 线下goods and services, 实体店pick up goods or enjoy services
    2. Especially suitable for 院线service chain enterprises such as catering, restaurants, and clubs
    3.电影院、网约车、途牛

[17 under] ( ) Selling goods and providing services through the Internet are commercial activities using information network technology as a means.

A. E-government

B.电子商务

C. TV shopping

D. Telephone shopping

【18】In company A's online shopping mall technology solutions for traditional home appliance manufacturing, the key points 阐述了身份认证、数字签名、防入侵方面的内容reflect the basic characteristics of the e-commerce platform specification ( ).

a. Reliability

B. Universality

C. Convenience

D. 安全性

【18下】Speeding up the development of e-commerce is an effective means for enterprises to reduce costs, improve efficiency, expand markets and innovate business models. The organic combination of e-commerce and offline physical stores to provide consumers with goods and services is called ( ) mode

A. B2B

B.B2C

C.o2o

D.C2C

【19】The correct one is ( ) about the description of e-commerce.

A. Group buying websites, telephone shopping, and online bookstores belong to the concept of modern e-commerce

B.某网站通过推广最新影讯信息及团购折扣活动促进影票销售，这种方式属于o2o模式

C. An online transaction website for agricultural products provides services such as online transactions and information consultation for agricultural product companies and local sellers in a certain area. This method belongs to the C2C model

D. Consumers conduct transactions through online trading platforms for personal second-hand goods. This business model belongs to the B2C model

【19下】( ) is the link between original e-commerce and modern e-commerce.

A. EDI

B. Web

C.HTTP

D. E-mail

【20下】Push the group discount information of the physical store to Internet users through the network, so as to convert these users into physical customers. This model is called ( ).

A. B2B

B.C2C

C. B2C

D.o2o

【21】In the e-commerce system architecture, the infrastructure for message and information dissemination includes: ( ), online communication system, information transmission system based on HTTP or HTTPS, streaming media system, etc.

A.电子邮件系统

B. Electronic payment system

C. Security authentication system

D. Directory service system

[Guang 22 Shang] Enterprises provide consumers with an online shopping environment, and consumers access related networks to conduct consultation and purchase activities through the Internet. This model belongs to ( ).

A. B2B

B.C2C

C.o2o

D.B2C

【Analysis】 P71, B2C is Business To Consumer, enterprises provide consumers with an online shopping environment, and consumers conduct consultation and purchase activities through Internet access. Jingdong, Dangdang, Suning, etc. are typical B2C e-commerce companies.

1.5 Business Intelligence

Business intelligence (Business Intelligence, BI) is generally understood as transforming existing data in an organization into knowledge to help the organization make wise business decisions.

• Business intelligence is not a new technology, it is just OLAPa comprehensive application of data warehouse , data mining and other technologies .

• The main function

  • (1) Data Warehouse
  • (2) Data ETL
  • (3) Data statistics output (report)
  • (4) Analysis function

• three levels

  • 1) Data report
  • 2) Multidimensional data analysis
  • 3) Data mining——是从特定形式的数据集中提炼知识的过程。

• OLAP and OLTP

• Steps to Implementing Business Intelligence
  • 1) Demand analysis
  • 2) Data Warehouse Modeling
  • 3) Data extraction
  • 4) Establish business intelligence analysis reports
  • 5) User training and data simulation testing
  • 6) System improvement and perfection

Example:
【17】Business intelligence describes a series of concepts and methods to assist in making business decisions by applying a fact-based support system. The main functions of business intelligence do not include ( ).

A.数据使用培训（数据使用方法论的创建、宣贯和实施落地)

B. Data ETL (data extraction, transformation and loading)

C. Data statistical output (design and display of statistical reports)

D. Data warehouse function (data storage and access)

【17】The following () does not belong to the main functions that a business intelligence system should have.

A) data warehouse

B. Analysis function

C. Data ETL

D. 企业战略决策

【18】Business intelligence (BI) can use information technology to convert data into useful information that business personnel can understand, and assist decision-making. Its implementation methods include 三个层次().

A. Statistics, data analysis and data mining

B. Data warehouse, data ETL and data statistics

C. Data analysis, data mining and artificial intelligence

D.数据报表、多维数据分析和数据挖掘

【18】The main functions of the business intelligence system include data warehouse, data ETL, data statistics output, and analysis functions. ( ) Service content that does not belong to data ETL

A. Data Migration

B. Data synchronization

C.数据挖掘

D. Data exchange

【19】A description of business intelligence and its technology 正确is ( ).

A. Business intelligence is the comprehensive application of data warehouse and OLTP technology

B.ETL only supports multi-data format processing on a single platform

C. OLTP supports complex analysis operations, focusing on decision support

D. MOLAP是产生多维数据报表的主要技术

[19 below] The steps to implement business intelligence are: requirements analysis, ( ), establishment of business intelligence analysis reports, user training and data testing, system improvement and perfection.

A. 数据仓库建模、数据抽取

B. Data warehouse modeling, planning system application architecture

C. Planning system application architecture, data warehouse modeling

D. Data extraction, data warehouse modeling

【20下】( ) is the process of intensively extracting knowledge from specific forms of data

A. Data Analysis

B. Data extraction

C. Data conversion

D.数据挖掘

[On 21] There are three levels of business intelligence implementation, data reporting, ( ) and data mining.

A) data warehouse

B. Data Modeling

C. 多维数据分析

D. Data ETL

【21】The realization of business intelligence has three levels: data report, ().

A. Data Warehousing, Data Mining

B. Data ETL, multidimensional data analysis

C. 多维数据分析，数据挖掘

D. Data Warehouse, Data ETL

[Guang 22 Shang] () For specific data and problems, select one or more algorithms to find the laws in the data and provide support for decision-making.

A. Data display

B. Data extraction

C. Data conversion

D.数据挖掘

[Analysis] P81, data mining often selects one or more mining algorithms for specific data and specific problems, and finds the laws hidden under the data. These laws are often used to predict and support decision-making.

【National 22】The description about business intelligence is incorrect: ().

A. It consists of data warehouse, online analytical processing, data mining, data backup and recovery, etc.

B. Aid business decisions by applying fact-based support systems

C.是一种新技术，它不只是数据库等技术的运用

D. Data can be extracted from multiple different systems and cleaned up to ensure data correctness

[Analysis] P77, 商业智能不是什么新技术,它只是数据仓库the comprehensive application of OLAP, data mining and other technologies.

1.6 The new generation of information technology promotes the industry

• 1.6.1 Big Data

• 1.6.2 Cloud Computing

• 1.6.3 Internet+

• 1.6.4 Smart city
  
  reference model:

• 1) Functional layer

  • IoT perception layer
    信息采集设备, various types 传感器, monitoring 摄像机, GPS terminal, RFIDlabel
  • Communication network layer-Internet, telecommunication network, radio and television network, and urban private network whose transmission medium is optical fiber
  • Computing and Storage Layer
  • Software resources, computing resources and storage resources
  • Data and service support layer
    SOA(service-oriented architecture) 智能挖掘分析, cloud computing, big data
  • Smart application layer
    智慧医疗, smart transportation, smart housekeeping, smart park, smart community, smart government, smart tourism, smart environmental protection, etc.

• 2) Support system

  • (1) Security system
  • (2) Construction and operation management system
  • (3) Standard specification system