Principles of Computer Organization Chapter 1 Knowledge Points
1. Computer system is composed of software and hardware;
2. Computer system hierarchy:
(1) First-level structure:
machine language;
(2) Second-level structure:
assembly language -> machine language;
( 3) Three-layer structure:
high-level language –> assembly language –> machine language;
(4) Four-layer structure:
high-level language –> assembly language –> machine language –> microinstruction system (with hardware to execute microinstructions);
(5) Multi-layer structure:
high-level language -> assembly language -> operating system -> machine language -> micro instruction system;
3. Von Neumann computer features:
(1) The computer has arithmetic unit, memory, controller, input device and output Equipment composition;
(2) Instructions and data are stored in the memory at the same position, and can be accessed by address ;
(3) Data and instructions are stored in binary form;
(4) Instructions are composed of opcodes and address codes, and opcodes are used In order to indicate the nature of the operation, the address code is used to indicate the location of the operand in the memory;
(5) Instructions are stored in the memory in order;
(6) The machine is centered on the arithmetic unit, and the data transfer between input and output devices and the memory Completed by calculator;
4. Computer hardware block diagram:
5. Computer working steps:
1). Establish mathematical model;
2). Determine calculation method;
3). Work out problem-solving program;
6. The main technical indicators of computer hardware:
(1) Machine word length;
(2) Storage capacity;
(3) Operation speed;
7. The content structure of the principle of computer composition (actually a process from shallow to deep):
system bus and I /O focuses on concepts and
is divided into two chapters; memory is one of the difficulties of this book. There are many calculations in the latter part of the chapter of memory, and you need to be very proficient in binary calculations;
CPU is the focus of this book, and CPU alone is a big chapter , The CU (control unit) in the CPU is a separate piece;