"Computer Organization and System Architecture," Chapter One Introduction to computer system notes

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Introduction "Computer Organization and System Architecture" chapter one computer system

 

1.1 classification, development and application of computer

 

Computer Category:

1. General-purpose computer: full-featured, versatile, widely applicable. But at the expense of efficiency and economy.
2. Special purpose computer: simple structure, high reliability, high speed and low cost. But the practical difference.

 

Computer basic composition 1.2

 

Computer hardware, von Neumann architecture: memory, the CPU (arithmetic unit, a controller), an input device and an output device.

 

Controller: Command Center computer.

Works controller:

1. From the program counter in the storage unit , the reading the next instruction code .
2. The instruction code , decoding a series of commands or signals , sent to each of the different functional components .
3. Incrementing the program counter, pointing to the next instruction.
4. Reading data from the memory, stored in the instruction code.
5. The read data is supplied to the operator or a register.
6. To complete the calculator, let operator to perform.
7. The result of the arithmetic unit to the memory, a register or an output device.
8. Go to the first step.

 

Operator: an arithmetic and logical operations.

The composition calculator: the ALU arithmetic logic unit (core), a series of registers.

 

Memory: store programs and data.

The memory is divided into:

1. A main memory (ROM, RAM)
2. Register faster than main memory
3. Cache memory cache: located between the CPU and main memory
4. Secondary storage. Such as hard disk, CD-ROM.

 

Bus: the skeleton of a computer system, the CPU, main memory, and IO devices.

Bus is divided into: a data bus (bidirectional), address bus (one-way), the control bus.

 

1.3 The concept of a computer system

 

Computer architecture Category:

1. SISD: single instruction stream, single data stream.
2. SIMD: Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream.
3. MISD: multiple instruction streams, single data stream.
4. MIMD: multiple instruction stream, multiple data streams.