Project Schedule Management
Trends and emerging practice
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Iterative schedule has not done
this type of adaptation is based on the life cycle of a rolling plan, which allows the development proved during the entire cycle and more -
Demand schedule
commonly used in the Kanban system, control theory based on the concept of schedule and pull from lean production to limit work being carried out by a team based on the team's ability to deliver
6.1 Schedule Management Plan
Process for the planning, preparation, management, execution and control project progress and develop policies, procedures and documentation: Define
the role: how to provide guidance and direction in the management of project progress throughout the project
this procedure carried out only once or predefined only in projects points for
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** ** project charter
specified in the project charter overall milestone schedule will affect the progress of the project management
Project Management Plan
- Development approach
to product development helps to define scheduling method, estimation techniques technical, schedule development tools as well as to control the progress.
Tools and Techniques
data analysis
- Analysis of Alternatives
Including used to determine which schedule adopted, as well as how to integrate different approaches to the project; In addition, it may include the duration of the level of detail, rolling rules to determine the schedule, as well as review and update frequency
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Project schedule
6.2 Defining Events
To complete the process of identifying and recording project deliverables and specific actions to be taken: the definition of
the role: the progress of work package broken down into activities as the project work schedule estimates, planning, implementation, monitoring and control of foundation
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Tool Engineering
break down
The decomposition is a project scope and project deliverables gradually divided into smaller, more manageable technology components.
The final output is the process of defining activities activities rather than deliverables, deliverable is to create WBS process (see section 5.4) output
Rolling Rules
Iterative, incremental detail
detailed planning of recent work to be done, and rough planning long-term work at a higher level
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The activity list
list of activities includes the required project schedule activities.
Events property
descriptions of activities, immediate predecessors, immediately after the event, logical relationships, advance and hysteresis
can be used for the preparation of schedule. According to event properties can be selected, sorting and classification for the planned schedule activities in various ways in the report.
Milestone list
is an important point in the project or event, milestone list shows all project milestones, and indicate each milestone is mandatory (as required by the contract) or choice.
Zero duration milestone
6.3 arrangement sequence of activities
The relationship between the process of identifying and recording project activities: Define
the role: a logical sequence between the definition of work, in order to achieve maximum efficiency under the given constraints of all projects
undertaken throughout the project
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Tool Engineering
Precedence cartography
- Complete to start
- Deflection to complete
- To start start
- Start to Finish
Identify and integrate dependencies
- Forced dependency
- Select Dependencies
- External dependencies
dependencies between project activities and non-project activities, these dependencies are often not within the control of the project team - Internal dependencies
Precedence between project activities, usually in control of the project team.
Advance and hysteresis
The amount of time is equivalent to the amount of advance tight before the event, after the event can be tight in advance
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Project schedule network diagram
The logical relationship between the representation of the project schedule activities (also called dependencies) graphical
path convergence
path branch
6.4 estimating activity duration
Definition: According to the results of the resource estimate, estimate individual activities required to complete the process of working hours of
action: to determine the amount of time required to complete each activity takes to
this process needed throughout the project
Information estimating activity duration is based include: the scope of work, required resource types and skill levels, the estimated number of resources and resource calendars, and other factors including the duration estimates include duration subject to the relevant human input that may affect resources type (such as fixed duration, fixed work or labor input, the number of fixed resources) and schedule network analysis technique used.
We should first estimate the amount of work required to complete the activities and plans to invest the amount of resources for this activity, and then combined with project and resource calendars, pursuant to estimate the number of working hours needed to complete the activity (activity duration).
Factors need to be considered:
- Law of diminishing returns
- The amount of resources
- skill improved
- Staff Motivation
"student syndrome" (ie procrastination): that is to expire will go all out to
Parkinson's Law: As long as there is still time, work will continue to expand until used up all the time
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Tools and Techniques
Analogous estimating
Using historical data is a similar activity or project, to estimate the duration or cost of current activities or projects of technical
rough estimation methods
in the project lack detailed information use
low-cost, less time-consuming, but the accuracy is relatively low
If the similar past activities on nature rather than the surface, and in the estimation of the project team members have the necessary expertise, then it is the most reliable estimate analogy.
Parameter Estimation
It is a project based on historical data and parameters, using an algorithm to calculate the estimated cost of the technology or duration.
Using historical data of the statistical relationship
depends on the accuracy of the reliability parameters of the model of maturity and basic data
Three estimates
By taking into account estimates of uncertainties and risks , we can improve the accuracy of the duration estimates :
- The most likely time (tM)
- The most optimistic time (tO)
- The most pessimistic time (tP)
A triangular distribution
tE = (tO + tM + tP ) / 3
Top-down estimates
Methods for estimating project duration or cost, layer by layer from top to bottom by the summary estimate WBS composed part of the project is estimated to be obtained
if not for the duration of the activities carried out with reasonable confidence estimate, it should be further fine work activities technology, and then estimate specific duration.
data analysis
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Analysis of Alternatives
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Reserve analysis
is used to determine the required project management contingency reserve and reserve
contingency reserve, also known as "Progress reserve" to deal with uncertainty in terms of progress. And contingency reserves - related "known unknown" risk, need to be reasonable calculation. With more and more clear information about the project, you can use to reduce or cancel the emergency reserve.
Management reserves to deal with the impact of the project "unknown - the known" risk, which is not included in the schedule baseline in
the use of management reserve may need to change the schedule baseline
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Duration Estimating
Estimates are based on
6.5 formulate schedule
Definition: analysis of sequence of activities, duration, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model to implement the project implementation and monitoring process of
the role: to complete the project activities and the development schedule model planned date of
this process needs during the entire project launch
Develop schedule is an iterative process to determine the activities and milestones of the best information obtained using the schedule model based on planned start date and planned completion date.
The key step comprises defining project milestones, and arranged to identify the activity sequence of activities, and the estimated duration.
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Tool Engineering
Schedule Network Analysis
When multiple paths converge at the same point in time or bifurcation, the need to assess the progress of the summary reserve to reduce the possibility of delays in the progress appears
Review the network and see whether there is a critical path peak rural activities or events with more advance, the risk of whether to use reserves or schedule execution risk response plan to reduce the critical path.
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Critical path method
to estimate the shortest duration of the project in progress model, but the size of the low-energy schedule flexibility logical network paths.
Critical path of the project is the longest sequence of activities, determine the shortest possible duration of the project. The total float least the longest path, usually zero. -
Resource optimization techniques
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Resource balance
to strike a balance between resource supply and demand of resources, carry out a technology to adjust the start and finish dates based on resource constraints. Shared resources or critical resources only characteristic practice available in limited quantities, or transition assignment , on the need for resource balancing
Resource leveling often results in initial critical path to change -
Smoothing
the progress in the activities of the line model is adjusted so that the project resource needs no more than a technology predefined resource constraints , will not change the critical path of the project, its activities only in the free practice and the total float delay
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data analysis
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If scenarios
Based on the existing schedule, consider a variety of scenarios
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simulation
The other sources of project risk and uncertainty brother and simulated to assess their potential impact target objects do
Monte Carlo simulation
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Advance and hysteresis
Method for adjusting network analysis, by adjusting the start time of tight after the event to prepare a realistic schedule
Advance the case for the loud noise conditions permit early start immediate activity; after the amount is under certain restrictions, between immediately before and after increased activity tight period of time without work or natural resources
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Schedule Compression
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赶工
By increasing resources, to minimize the cost to the price schedule compression technique duration
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Fast tracking
The active phase or under normal conditions in order to at least partially carried out in parallel to carry out
Quality may increase the risk of project cost
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Schedule baseline
After the model is approved schedule, including start date and the end of the reference baseline date
Project schedule
Is the output of the model schedule, marked the planned dates for each linked activities, information on the duration, milestones and resources required
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Gantt Chart
Also known as Gantt charts, is an expression to show progress information
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Milestone charts
Plan marked only major deliverables and key external interfaces start or finish date
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Project schedule network diagram
Usually active node drawn, there is no time scale, purely real activity and their relationship to each other, sometimes called "pure logic diagram."
Progress data
Project Calendar
We can carry out the provisions of the progress of activities available workdays and work
6.6 Control Schedule
Definition: supervision of project status, to update project progress and managing changes to the schedule baseline process
Role: Keep maintenance schedule baseline during the entire project
Needed throughout the project
of any change of schedule baseline has to go through the implementation of the overall approval process of change control, schedule control as part of the implementation of the overall change control process, focusing on the following:
- You want to determine what the current state of progress
- Factors influencing the change of schedule
- Necessary to reconsider the pace reserve
- Determine whether the project schedule change has occurred
- Align to manage change in the actual
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Tool Engineering
data analysis
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Earned Value Analysis
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Iteration Burndown
Iterative rule, used to track the iteration remains to be done in terms of unfinished business
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Performance Review
Means the schedule baseline, measure, compare, and analyze schedule performance such as actual start and finish dates, percentage complete, as well as the remaining duration of the current work
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trend analysis
Check the project performance changes over time, it has been determined performance is improving or deteriorating
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Deviation analysis
Concerned about the actual start and finish dates and the planned deviation, and the difference between the actual duration of the program, as well as differences in the float. It includes determine the cause and extent of deviation from the schedule baseline to assess the impact of these deviations for future work, as well as determine the need for corrective or preventive action
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If scenarios
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Work Performance Information
Including the implementation of the project and work schedule baseline comparison. In the work package level and can control the account level, a deviation deviation start and finish dates and duration
Scheduling Forecast
That progress update progress predict, based on available information and knowledge for the future circumstances and events projects estimated or expected. With the project implementation, it should be based on work performance information, updates and re-released forecast.
