【Deep Learning】A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding

A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding [arXiv]

TLDR; The authors present a new sentence embedding algorithm where each embedding corresponds to a 2-d matrix. This is done by 1. Running the sentence through an RNN, 2. learning multiple attention values for each RNN state, 3. encouraging each attention vector to focus on different parts of the sentence by adding a penalty term. The model is evaluated on several classification tasks and outperforms other methods.

Key Points

• Sentence Encoder is a bidirectional RNN with each state being concatenated forward and backward states
• Attention values are calculated over encoder states as A = softmax(U*tanh(W*H^t)). The number of rows in U defines how many attention vectors we want.
  • This is just basic attention, nothing special here, except that it’s calculated multiple times with different weights
• Penalization term encourages rows in attention matrix to be different from one another.
  • P = ||AA^T - I||^2
• Learned sentence embeddings can easily be visualized through attention scores
• The authors empirically show that the penalization term helps and that multiple attention vectors are important

Thoughts

• The term multi-hop attention or is misleading here. There are no multiple hops of attention, just a single hop of multiple attention calculations independent of one another. Multiple hops would corresponds to taking attention over attention, etc.
• Nice analysis on the hyperparameter choices of the mechanism
• I was surprised that the authors subsample data for some of the dataset, I wonder what the reason for that is.
• I think this technique can eaisly be extended to other tasks than use attention. E.g. it would be interesting to apply it to NMT.
• Overall I think this is a simple but cool technique