雅思语法基础课程-第五讲
第五讲 动词四类与五大基本时态
\1. 动词四类
A. 实义动词（99%）
1.及物动词Vt（ S + Vt + O）
2.不及物动词Vi (S + Vi （+ prep + O)）
1.延续动词
2.瞬间动词
B. 系动词
C. 情态动词
1.传达人微妙情感
2.用法随时态变化
造句练习：
我们必须输！We must lose!
我们输得起！We can lose!
我们可能会输的！We may lose!
Must vs have to:
1) must没有时态和人称变化：
强调主观的要求
仅用于现在时和将来时
2) have to(have got to)：
强调客观的要求或外在的原因
可以有任意时态
May/might + do： 表示对现在或未来事情的推测
Can I use your phone please?直截了当
Could I use your phone please?礼貌客气
May I use your phone please?尊重委婉 （---以上正常---）
Might I use your phone please?尊重委婉（虚礼？）
may/might + do:
表示对现在或未来事情的推测
雅思作文高分句
Some people believe that television can be harmful to children, saying that it may influence(潜移默化的影响) behavior in a negative way.
D. 助动词
自身没有词义，不可单独使用
最常用的助动词：have, do
be, will, would, had better, used to
助动词功能：
1、表时态
I have been to America.
2、构成疑问句
Do you like college life?
3、与否定副词not合用，构成否定句
I do not like sports.
4、加强语气
Do come to the party.
\2. 五大基本时态
1、一般现在时：
经常性或习惯动作：
I use Internet every day.
常用频率副词：
always 90%
usually 70%
often 50%
sometimes 30%
never 0
表示状态：
1.I am a student.
Are you a student?
Yes, I am.
No, I'm not = I am not.
2.My father has many friends.
Does your father have many friends?
Yes,he does.
No, he doesn't.
事实或真理：
The sun rises in the east.
动词三单变化
1.正常型：词尾加s
2.变态型：
a.在s,x,ch,sh,o之后+es
finish-finishes;watch-watches;pass-passes
b.以辅音字母y结尾,把y变i加es：
study-studies;try-tries
c.变形金刚型：
have-has;do-does;go-goes
雅思作文高分句
The graph gives information concerning sales and profits of two manufacturing companies.
2、一般过去时
过去特定时间的动作
与表示过去的时间状语连用
I slept for eight hours last night.
雅思作文高分句：
There was a steep climb in house prices during the first half of the year.
3、现在完成时
结构：have/has + done
站在现在“回顾”过去
1.过去 动作 对 现在 的影响
时间副词：
My brother has never been abroad before.
I've just arrived by train.
2.过去 的动作延续到 现在
时间段：
He has been married since last July.
We have been in love for seven years.
雅思作文高分句：
However, British women has overtaken British men in Internet usage since 2005.
4、一般将来时
预测，计划或愿意去做某事
结构：shall/will + do
shall 第一人称 I 或 we 后
will 所有人称，缩略为' ll
shall not = shan't
will not = won't
其他句型表一般将来时
1.be to do sth.
表示已安排好要在将来
发生的事（正式）
She is to be married next month.
2.be about to do sth.
即将发生的动作 “正要，马上就要”
The food is about to be served.
雅思作文高分句
Without a doubt, even greater changes are going to happen in technology used in the workplace.
5、现在进行时
现在正在进行的动作
时间状语：
now,at present,these days
The heat wave is approaching.(表达一种感觉)