hadoop+zookeeper集群高可用搭建

Senerity 发布于 2016/12/12 09:19

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Hadoop集群搭建步骤

1. 架构图

2. 准备5台机器

centosa: 192.168.42.128

centosb: 192.168.42.129

centosc: 192.168.42.130

centosd: 192.168.42.133

centose: 192.168.42.134

namenode: centosa, centosb

datanode: centosc, centosd, centose

journalnode: centosc, centosd, centose

ResourceManager: centosb

NodeManager: centosc, centosd, centose

zookeeper:centosc ,centosd ,centose

3. 5台机器分别修改主机名和IP的映射

1) 修改主机名

2) IP映射

4. 所有机器关闭防火墙

[root@centosa ~]# service iptables stop

...

5. 安装JDK配置JAVA_HOME环境变量(推荐 .bashrc)

...

6. 所有机器彼此做SSH免密码登陆

方法一，手动配置:

1) 在centosa机器生成公私密钥对

[root@centosa ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

2) 把公钥上传给其它机器

[root@centosa ~]# scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub centosb: ~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub centosc: ~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub centosd: ~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp .ssh/id_dsa.pub centose: ~/

3) 在所有机器上把公钥添加到自己的信任列表

centosa:

[root@centosa ~]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>> .ssh/authorized_keys

centosb:

[root@centosb ~]# cat ~/id_dsa.pub>> .ssh/authorized_keys

centosc:

[root@centosc ~]# cat ~/id_dsa.pub>> .ssh/authorized_keys

centosd:

[root@centosd~]# cat ~/id_dsa.pub>> .ssh/authorized_keys

centose:

[root@centose ~]# cat ~/id_dsa.pub>> .ssh/authorized_keys

（到此，centosa可以免密码登录自己和其它机器）

4) 在其它机器上重复以上(1)(2)(3)步

方法二，使用脚本(推荐)，脚本如下:

|shellscripts

|bin

|add_auth.sh:

#!/bin/bash

cat ~/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

rm -rf ~/id_dsa.pub

exit

|ssh.sh:

#!/bin/bash

rm -rf ~/.ssh

ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

exit

|sbin

|add_auth.sh:

#!/bin/bash

for i in $@; do

if [ ! $HOSTNAME = $i ] ;then

echo 'upload id_dsa.pub file to '$i'~/'

scp ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub $i:~/

echo 'login on '$i

ssh root@$i ./shellscripts/bin/add_auth.sh

done

|ssh.sh:

#!/bin/bash

rm -rf .ssh

for i in $@; do

echo ' Add authentication files to other files...'

ssh root@$i ./shellscripts/bin/ssh.sh

done

1) 把脚本文件夹shellscripts上传到centosa

2) 修改脚本权限

[root@centosa ~]# chmod -R 777 ~/shellscripts/

3) 把shellscripts上传给其它机器

[root@centosa ~]# scp -r ~/shellscripts centosb:~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp -r ~/shellscripts centosc:~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp -r ~/shellscripts centosd:~/

[root@centosa ~]# scp -r ~/shellscripts centose:~/

4) 执行脚本, 实现自己免登录自己,只需要在一台机器上执行该命令即可

[root@centosa ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/ssh.sh centosa centosb centosc centosd centose

5) 执行脚本, 实现自己免登录其它机器，需要在各机器上分别执行该命令

[root@centosa ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/add_auth.sh centosb centosc centosd centose

[root@centosb ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/add_auth.sh centosa centosc centosd centose

[root@centosc ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/add_auth.sh centosa centosb centosd centose

[root@centosd ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/add_auth.sh centosa centosb centosc centose

[root@centose ~]#

./shellscripts/sbin/add_auth.sh centosa centosb centosc centosd

7. 解压hadoop-2.6.0到/usr

1) 配置core-site.xml(注意: hadoop配置文件不支持中文注释，请删除)

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop /core-site.xml

<name>fs.defaultFS</name>

<value>hdfs://mycluster</value> //mycluster是对namenode做命名服务

</property>

<name>fs.trash.interval</name> //开启回收站

</property>

<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

<value>/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/tmp-${user.name}</value>

</property>

<name>net.topology.script.file.name</name>

<value>/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/rack.sh</value>//机架，需要创建

</property>

创建机架文件:

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/rack.sh

while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do

nodeArg=$1

exec</usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/topology.data

result=""

while read line ; do

ar=( $line )

if [ "${ar[0]}" = "$nodeArg" ] ; then

result="${ar[1]}"

done

shift

if [ -z "$result" ] ; then

echo -n "/default_rack"

else

echo -n "$result "

done

给机架添加可执行权限:

[root@centosa ~]# chmod u+x /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/rack.sh

创建topology.data文件

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/topology.data

测试机架:

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./etc/hadoop/rack.sh 192.168.42.130

2) 配置hdfs-site.xml

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<name>dfs.replication</name>

</property>

<name>dfs.nameservices</name>

<value>mycluster</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.ha.namenodes.mycluster</name>

</property>

< name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn1</name>

<value>centosa:8020</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.mycluster.nn2</name>

<value>centosb:8020</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn1</name>

<value>centosa:50070</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.namenode.http-address.mycluster.nn2</name>

<value>centosb:50070</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>

<value>

qjournal://centosb:8485;centosc:8485;centosd:8485/mycluster

</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.mycluster</name>

<value>

org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider

</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>

<value>sshfence</value>

</property>

< name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>

</property>

3) 配置slaves文件

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/slaves

centosc

centosd

centose

4) 配置yarn-site.xml

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

</property>

<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>

<value>centosb</value>

</property>

5) 配置mapred-site.xml

[root@centosa ~]# vi /usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

</property>

6) 把./etc/hadoop/*下的所有文件同步到其它机器

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]#

scp ./etc/hadoop/* centosb:/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/

scp ./etc/hadoop/* centosc:/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/

scp ./etc/hadoop/* centosd:/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/

scp ./etc/hadoop/* centose:/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/etc/hadoop/

到此，配置完成。

8. 启动步骤

1) 先启动centosc centosd centose 上的journalnode

[root@centosc hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

[root@centose hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

2) 格式化centosa上的namenode

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs namenode -format

3) 启动centosa上的namenode

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

4) 引导格式化centosb上的namenode

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs namenode bootstrapStandby

5) 启动centosb上的namenode

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

6) 启动centosc centosd centose上的dataname

[root@centosc hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

[root@centose hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

到此为止：HDFS的集群搭建成功，但是默认情况下namenode都处于standby模式

该模式下是不允许用户对hdfs做任何修改动作。

9. [root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs haadmin –help

Usage: DFSHAAdmin [-ns <nameserviceId>]

[-transitionToActive< serviceId> [--forceactive]]

[-transitionToStandby< serviceId>]

[-failover [--forcefence] [--forceactive] <serviceId> <serviceId>]

[-getServiceState< serviceId>]

[-checkHealth< serviceId>]

[-help <command>]

1) 让centosa(namenode nn1)变成Active活跃节点

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs haadmin -transitionToActive nn1

目前 centosa(nn1)处于Active模式, centosb(nn2)处于Standby模式

2) 将centosa变成Standy模式 centosb 变成Active模式

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs haadmin -failover --forceactive nn1 nn2

10. 在centosb上启动 yarn

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/start-yarn.sh

11. 停止hadoop集群

1) 在centosa上执行./sbin/stop-dfs.sh

2) 在centosb上执行./sbin/stop-yarn.sh

12. 搭建zookeeper (centosc ,centosd ,centose)

1) 上传zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz到centosc,centosd,centose

2) 解压zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz

[root@centosc ~]# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr

[root@centosd ~]# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr

[root@centose ~]# tar -zxf zookeeper-3.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr

3) 在centosc上配置zoo.cfg

4) 同步./conf/zoo.cfg文件到centosd, centose

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# scp ./conf/zoo.cfg centosd:/usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/conf/

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# scp ./conf/zoo.cfg centose:/usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/conf/

5) 创建/usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/zkdata目录

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# mkdir /usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/zkdata

[root@centosd zookeeper-3.4.6]# mkdir /usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/zkdata

[root@centose zookeeper-3.4.6]# mkdir /usr/zookeeper-3.4.6/zkdata

6) 分别在centosc, centosd, centose上执行：

echo '服务器编号'>> /usr/zookeeper/zkdata/myid

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# echo '1' >> ./zkdata/myid

[root@centosd zookeeper-3.4.6]# echo '2' >> ./zkdata/myid

[root@centose zookeeper-3.4.6]# echo '3' >> ./zkdata/myid

13. 在前面的基础上,在hadoop的hdfs-site.xml中添加如下配置,并同步到其它机器

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# vi ./etc/hadoop/hdfs.site.xml

<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>

</property>

<name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>

<value>centosc:2181,centosd:2181,centose:2181</value>

</property>

同步到其它机器:

到此, 集群配置完成。

14. 集群启动一

1) 首先启动zookeeper

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

[root@centosd zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

[root@centose zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

2) 在centosa上执行./sbin/start-dfs.sh

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

此时namenode, datanode, journalnode, zkfc会自动启动,但是ZK还没有启动

3) 注册namenode到zookeeper 只需要在任意一台namenode上执行

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs zkfc –formatZK

4) 在centosa上执行./sbin/stop-dfs.sh 再重新启动,此时ZK才会启动

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/stop-dfs.sh

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/start-dfs.sh

5) 启动yarn, 必须登录centosb启动

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/start-yarn.sh

如果集群启动不成功，可能是namenode数据不一致导致，请登录centosa,centosb删除/usr/hadoop-2.6.0/tmp-${user.name}目录之后，参考集群启动二。

15. 集群启动二

1) 分别登陆centosc, centosd, centose启动zookeeper服务

[root@centosc zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

[root@centosd zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

[root@centose zookeeper-3.4.6]# ./bin/zkServer.sh start zoo.cfg

2) 分别登陆centosc,centosd,centose启动journalnode

[root@centosc hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

[root@centose hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode

3) 格式化centosa上的namenode

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs namenode –format

4) 启动centosa上的namenode

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

5) 引导格式化centosb上的namenode

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs namenode bootstrapStandby

6) 启动centosb上的namenode

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

7) 注册namenode到zookeeper 只需要在任意一台namenode上执行

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK

8) 分别在两个namenode上启动zkfc监视器

[root@centosa hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc

9) 分别登陆centosc,centosd,centose启动datanode

[root@centosc hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

[root@centosd hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

[root@centose hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

10) 启动yarn, 必须登录centosb启动

[root@centosb hadoop-2.6.0]# ./sbin/start-yarn.sh

到此,zookeeper+hadoop集群搭建完毕

hadoop+zookeeper集群高可用搭建

hadoop+zookeeper集群高可用搭建

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