【python爬虫实例】爬取豆瓣图书及信息

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import sys
import time
import urllib
import requests
import numpy as np
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from openpyxl import Workbook


# Some User Agents
hds = [{'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'}, \
       {
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.12 Safari/535.11'}, \
       {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)'}]


def book_spider(book_tag):
    page_num = 0;
    book_list = []
    try_times = 0

    while (1):
        # url='http://www.douban.com/tag/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4/book?start=0' # For Test
        url = 'http://www.douban.com/tag/' + urllib.request.quote(book_tag) + '/book?start=' + str(page_num * 15)
        time.sleep(np.random.rand() * 5)

        # Last Version
        try:
            req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=hds[page_num % len(hds)])
            plain_text = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
            #plain_text = str(source_code)
        except (urllib.request.HTTPError, urllib.request.URLError) as e:
            print(e)
            continue

        ##Previous Version, IP is easy to be Forbidden
        # source_code = requests.get(url)
        # plain_text = source_code.text

        soup = BeautifulSoup(plain_text,"lxml")
        list_soup = soup.find('div', {'class': 'mod book-list'})

        try_times += 1;
        if list_soup == None and try_times < 2:
            continue
        elif try_times>3:
            break  # Break when no informatoin got after 200 times requesting

        for book_info in list_soup.findAll('dd'):
            title = book_info.find('a', {'class': 'title'}).string.strip()
            desc = book_info.find('div', {'class': 'desc'}).string.strip()
            desc_list = desc.split('/')
            book_url = book_info.find('a', {'class': 'title'}).get('href')

            try:
                author_info = '作者/译者： ' + '/'.join(desc_list[0:-3])
            except:
                author_info = '作者/译者： 暂无'
            try:
                pub_info = '出版信息： ' + '/'.join(desc_list[-3:])
            except:
                pub_info = '出版信息： 暂无'
            try:
                rating = book_info.find('span', {'class': 'rating_nums'}).string.strip()
            except:
                rating = '0.0'
            try:
                # people_num = book_info.findAll('span')[2].string.strip()
                people_num = get_people_num(book_url)
                people_num = people_num.strip('人评价')
            except:
                people_num = '0'

            book_list.append([title.encode().decode(), rating, people_num, author_info, pub_info])
            #try_times = 0  # set 0 when got valid information
        page_num += 1
        print('Downloading Information From Page %d' % page_num)
    return book_list


def get_people_num(url):
    # url='http://book.douban.com/subject/6082808/?from=tag_all' # For Test
    try:
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=hds[np.random.randint(0, len(hds))])
        source_code = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
        plain_text = str(source_code)
    except (urllib.request.HTTPError, urllib.request.URLError) as e:
        print(e)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(plain_text,"lxml")
    people_num = soup.find('div', {'class': 'rating_sum'}).findAll('span')[1].string.strip()
    return people_num


def do_spider(book_tag_lists):
    book_lists = []
    for book_tag in book_tag_lists:
        book_list = book_spider(book_tag)
        book_list = sorted(book_list, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
        book_lists.append(book_list)
    return book_lists


def print_book_lists_excel(book_lists, book_tag_lists):
    wb = Workbook(optimized_write=True)
    ws = []
    for i in range(len(book_tag_lists)):
        ws.append(wb.create_sheet(title=book_tag_lists[i]))  # utf8->unicode
    for i in range(len(book_tag_lists)):
        ws[i].append(['序号', '书名', '评分', '评价人数', '作者', '出版社'])
        count = 1
        for bl in book_lists[i]:
            ws[i].append([count, bl[0], float(bl[1]), int(bl[2]), bl[3], bl[4]])
            count += 1
    save_path = 'book_list'
    for i in range(len(book_tag_lists)):
        save_path += ('-' + book_tag_lists[i])
    save_path += '.xlsx'
    wb.save(save_path)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # book_tag_lists = ['心理','判断与决策','算法','数据结构','经济','历史']
    # book_tag_lists = ['传记','哲学','编程','创业','理财','社会学','佛教']
    # book_tag_lists = ['思想','科技','科学','web','股票','爱情','两性']
    # book_tag_lists = ['数学']
    # book_tag_lists = ['摄影','设计','音乐','旅行','教育','成长','情感','育儿','健康','养生']
    # book_tag_lists = ['商业','理财','管理']
    # book_tag_lists = ['名著']
    # book_tag_lists = ['科普','经典','生活','心灵','文学']
    # book_tag_lists = ['科幻','思维','金融']
    #book_tag_lists = ['个人管理', '时间管理', '投资', '文化', '宗教']
    book_tag_lists = ['计算机', '机器学习', 'linux', 'android', '数据库', '互联网']
    book_lists = do_spider(book_tag_lists)
    print_book_lists_excel(book_lists, book_tag_lists)

运行结果：