substantive adj. [SUB-stun-tiv]
Defintion
1: having substance: involving matters of major or practical importance to all concerned
1： 有实质内容的：事物具有主要的或实际的重要性
2: considerable in amount or numbers: substantial
2：数量上具有相当可观规模的：与形容词substantial同义
3 a: real rather than apparent : firm; also: permanent, enduring
b: belonging to the substance of a thing: essential
c: expressing existence
a：实际的而不是表面的：坚固的；也表示永久的，耐久的
b：属于某事物的本质：本质的，实质的
c：表征存在
4 a: having the nature or function of a noun
b: relating to or having the character of a noun or pronominal term in logic
a：具有名词的本质或功用
b：在逻辑学中，与名词/代词术语想关联的，或者具有名词/代词特征的
5: creating and defining rights and duties
5：创建和规定权利与义务
Did You Know?
Substantive was borrowed into Middle English from the Anglo-French adjective sustentif, meaning "having or expressing substance," and can be traced back to the Latin verb substare, which literally means "to stand under." Figuratively, the meaning of substare is best understood as "to stand firm" or "to hold out." Since the 14th century, we have used substantive to speak of that which is of enough "substance" to stand alone, or be independent. By the 19th century, the word evolved related meanings, such as "enduring" and "essential." It also shares some senses with substantial, such as "considerable in quantity."
substantive最初起源于拉丁动词substare，字面意思是“站在其下”，最著名的引申意思是“支撑”或“坚持”。后来经由Anglo-French的形容词sustentif（持有或展示本质的）被借入到中世纪英语中。自从14世纪，我们一直使用substative来指示某物具有足够的“实质/本质”可以“独自站立，或者独立”。到了19世纪，这个单词演化出了一些相关的意思，例如“承受”和“本质”；它与substantial也有某些相通的含义，例如“在数量上可观的”。
注：substance：实质，本质，财产，内容，重要性； substantial adj. substantive adj.
Examples
- "How many more carefully researched reports will need to be released before we finally act in a substantive way to protect our only home, planet Earth?"
--- Edwin Andrews, The New York Times, 14 Dec. 2018
到底还需要多少更加细致的研究报告发表出来才能让我们开展实质的行动来保护我们唯一的家园，地球？
- "These are the moments - funny, yet substantive and cuttingly insightful - that will remain in the collective memory long after Ralph Breaks the Internet leaves cinemas and many of its meme jokes lose their relevance."
--- Jim Vejvod, IGN (ign.com), 20 Nov. 2018
即便Ralph Breaks the Internet（《无敌破坏王2：大闹互联网》）这部电影下映且其中的许多模仿的笑料失去了关联性很久之后，这些时刻 - 有趣的，但是也是本质的而且剔骨般的深刻洞察的 - 还将会残留在（观众的）群体记忆中。
注：cuttingly insightful：有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的 collective memory：群体记忆 leave cinema：电影下映
meme joke：（通过相互模仿）的笑料
Reference
Ralph Breaks the Internet:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%95%B5%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E7%8E%8B2%EF%BC%9A%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9A%B4%E8%B5%B0
