python的scrapy爬虫——豆瓣电影top250爬虫练习——保存到CVS文件

xxx\doubanmovie\doubanmovie\items

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

# import scrapy
from scrapy import Item, Field


class DoubanmovieItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    title = Field()
    movieInfo = Field()
    star = Field()
    quote = Field()

##Items.py定义需要抓取并需要后期处理的数据。就像字典一样的容器
##settings.py文件配置scrapy，从而修改user-agent，设定爬取时间间隔，设置代理，配置各种中间件等等。
## pipeline.py用于存放后期数据处理功能，从而使得数据的爬取和处理分开。

xxx\doubanmovie\doubanmovie\settings

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for doubanmovie project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'doubanmovie'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['doubanmovie.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'doubanmovie.spiders'

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36'
#将爬取的信息保存在下面的文件夹下面，并保存为csv文件
FEED_URI = u'file:///F:/xxx/doubanmovie/douban.csv'
FEED_FORMAT = 'CSV'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'doubanmovie (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'doubanmovie.middlewares.DoubanmovieSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'doubanmovie.middlewares.DoubanmovieDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    'doubanmovie.pipelines.DoubanmoviePipeline': 300,
#}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

xxx\doubanmovie\doubanmovie\spiders\doubanspider

#encoding=utf-8
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

##Items.py定义需要抓取并需要后期处理的数据。就像字典一样的容器
##settings.py文件配置scrapy，从而修改user-agent，设定爬取时间间隔，设置代理，配置各种中间件等等。
## pipeline.py用于存放后期数据处理功能，从而使得数据的爬取和处理分开。

######User-Agent要加在settings.py文件中

#scrapy生成一个project,然后爬取网页
# from scrapy.contrib.spiders import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from doubanmovie.items import DoubanmovieItem
# from items import DoubanmovieItem
# from douban.items import DoubanmovieItem

class Douban(CrawlSpider):
    name = "doubanTest"
    start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250']
    # start_urls = ['http://www.jikexueyuan.com/course/?pageNum=1']

    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'

    def parse(self,response):
        # print response.body
        # print response.url
        # a = response.url
        # b = 1
        item = DoubanmovieItem()#将类实例化为item
        selector = Selector(response)#用Selector（）来处理reponse,response是一个对象，里面包含很多的属性
        Movies = selector.xpath('//div[@class="info"]')#抓取大
        for eachMovie in Movies:
            title = eachMovie.xpath('div[@class="hd"]/a/span/text()').extract()#scrapy中的XPath和lxml中的XPath有一点不相同，要提取信息需要加上后面的.extract()
            # print title
            fullTitle = ''
            for each in title:
                fullTitle += each
            # print fullTitle
            movieInfo = eachMovie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/p/text()').extract()
            # print movieInfo
            # star = eachMovie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()').extract()[0]
            star = eachMovie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()').extract()
            # print star
            quote = eachMovie.xpath('div[@class="bd"]/p/span/text()').extract()
            # print quote
            #quote可能为空，进行判断,如果不为空，取第一个元素，如果为空，变成空字符
            if quote:
                quote = quote[0]
            else:
                quote = ''
            item['title'] = fullTitle
            item['movieInfo'] = ';'.join(movieInfo)
            item['star'] = star
            item['quote'] = quote
            yield item#后面再介绍，这么做将他生成到CSV文件中
        nextLink = selector.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/link/@href').extract()
        #第十页是最后一页，没有下一页的链接
        if nextLink:
            nextLink = nextLink[0]
            print nextLink
            yield Request(self.url+nextLink,callback=self.parse)#添加了一个回调函数，函数自身，递归给这个函数自己，并重新爬取

xxx\doubanmovie\main

#encoding=utf-8
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl doubanTest".split())
#使用scrapy里面负责执行Windows命令的一个类，执行scrapy crawl doubanTest，这个命令是爬虫运行，这与
# 平常的python程序不一样，之前运行程序是使用python，然后是这个程序的名字，
#cmd对应文件夹（doubantest）下中输入scrapy crawl doubanTest

注释：

报错问题：

# from doubanmovie.items import DoubanmovieItem
# ImportError: No module named doubanmovie.items
#解决办法：
#不要将工程放在PycharmProjects下，要将doubanmovie1放在独立工程下，将doubanmovie1从PycharmProjects拿出去放到桌面或其它方便的任何
# 目录，然后Pycharm->file->open打开doubanmovie1->选择in new windows。

cvs文件用excel打开中文乱码问题解决办法：

1、用记事本打开CVS文件

2、文件另存为utf-8格式

3、保存就可以了，再打开文件，就不会中文乱码了