爬虫练习-爬取豆瓣电影TOP250的数据

前言：

爬取豆瓣电影TOP250的数据，并将爬取的数据存储于Mysql数据库中

本文为整理代码，梳理思路，验证代码有效性——2020.1.4

---

环境：
Python3（Anaconda3）
PyCharm
Chrome浏览器

主要模块： 后跟括号内的为在cmd窗口安装的指令
requests（pip install requests）
lxml（pip install lxml）
re
pymysql（pip install pymysql ）
time

1.

在Mysql名为mydb的数据库中新建数据表，下为建表语句

CREATE TABLE doubanmovie 
( 
NAME TEXT, 
director TEXT, 
actor TEXT, 
style TEXT, 
country TEXT, 
release_time TEXT, 
time TEXT, 
score TEXT 
) 
ENGINE INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

2.

分析爬取的网页结构

https://movie.douban.com/top250
https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=25&filter=
https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=50&filter=
...

同豆瓣音乐，豆瓣图书的TOP250一样
我们对其构造列表解析式

 urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}'.format(str(i))for i in range(0, 250, 25)]

3.

分析html结构，获取详情页链接

4.

进入详情页后，打开开发者工具（F12），分析html结构获取详细信息

代码如下：

演员取前五个为主演，不足五个的则全取

#标题
name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[1]/text()')[0]

# 导演
director = selector.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()')[0]

# 演员
actors_s = selector.xpath('//span[@class="attrs"]/a/text()')
actors = ""
if len(actors_s) > 5:
    for s in actors_s[1:5]:
        actors += (s + '/')
    actors += actors_s[5]
else:
    for s in actors_s[-1]:
        actors += (s + '/')
    actors += actors_s[-1]

# 类型
styles = selector.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')
style = ""
if len(styles) > 1:
    for s in styles[:-1]:
        style += (s + '/')
    style += styles[-1]
else:
    style = styles[0]

# 国家
country = re.findall('制片国家/地区:</span>(.*?)<br', html.text, re.S)[0].strip()

# 上映时间
release_time = re.findall('上映日期:</span>.*?>(.*?)\(', html.text, re.S)[0]

# 片长
time = re.findall('片长:</span>.*?>(.*?)</sp', html.text, re.S)[0]

# 评分
score = selector.xpath('//*[@id="interest_sectl"]/div[1]/div[2]/strong/text()')[0]

5.

将数据保存在Mysql数据库中，有以下“大象装冰箱”三步

1. “打开冰箱” 连接数据库及光标

conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='mydb', port=3306, charset='utf8')
cursor = conn.cursor()

2. “将大象装进冰箱” 获取信息插入数据库

cursor.execute("insert into doubanmovie (name, director, actor, style, country,release_time, time,score) "
               "values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
               (str(name), str(director), str(actors), str(style), str(country),
                str(release_time), str(time), str(score)))

3. “关上冰箱” 提交事务

conn.commit()

完整代码

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 导入相应的库文件
import requests
from lxml import etree
import re
import pymysql
import time

# 连接数据库及光标
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='mydb', port=3306, charset='utf8')
cursor = conn.cursor()

# 加入请求头
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)AppleWebKit/ 537.36 '
                 '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/ 537.36'
}

# 定义获取详细页URL的函数
def get_movie_url(url):
    html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    print(url, html.status_code)
    selector = etree.HTML(html.text)
    movie_hrefs = selector.xpath('//div[@class="hd"]/a/@href')
    for movie_href in movie_hrefs:
        # 调用获取详细页信息的函数
        get_movie_info(movie_href)


# 定义获取详细页信息的函数
def get_movie_info(url):
    html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    selector = etree.HTML(html.text)

    print(url, html.status_code)

    name = selector.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[1]/text()')[0]

    director = selector.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()')[0]

    actors_s = selector.xpath('//span[@class="attrs"]/a/text()')
    actors = ""
    if len(actors_s) > 5:
        for s in actors_s[1:5]:
            actors += (s + '/')
        actors += actors_s[5]
    else:
        for s in actors_s[-1]:
            actors += (s + '/')
        actors += actors_s[-1]

    styles = selector.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')
    style = ""
    if len(styles) > 1:
        for s in styles[:-1]:
            style += (s + '/')
        style += styles[-1]
    else:
        style = styles[0]

    country = re.findall('制片国家/地区:</span>(.*?)<br', html.text, re.S)[0].strip()

    release_time = re.findall('上映日期:</span>.*?>(.*?)\(', html.text, re.S)[0]

    time = re.findall('片长:</span>.*?>(.*?)</sp', html.text, re.S)[0]

    score = selector.xpath('//*[@id="interest_sectl"]/div[1]/div[2]/strong/text()')[0]

    # 获取信息插入数据库
    cursor.execute("insert into doubanmovie (name, director, actor, style, country,release_time, time,score) "
                   "values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
                   (str(name), str(director), str(actors), str(style), str(country),
                    str(release_time), str(time), str(score)))

    print((name, director, actors, style, country, release_time, time, score))


# 程序主入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
    urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}'.format(str(i))for i in range(0, 250, 25)]
    for url in urls:
        # 构造urls并循环调用函数
        get_movie_url(url)
        # 睡眠2秒
        time.sleep(2)
        # 提交事务
        conn.commit()
    # conn.commit()
    print("爬取结束！！！")

数据截图