薄荷英语--2018年10月28日知识点总结

一、每日一句

  • Never let your fear decide your future.
    别让你的畏惧引导你的未来。

每日一句

二、背景知识

1、 瑞士的教育

1850年开始,义务教育制度在瑞士各行政区开始实行。通常,小学教育在孩子六七岁的时候开始(今天的阅读内容中也有提到“Heidi应该在一年前就读小学了),至少读六年,学生只有一个老师,这个老师会负责所有科目的教学。

瑞士十分重视教育和知识,每个行政区都要对当地的教育服务负责任,所以在不同的行政区,教育也会产生变化。例如:一些行政区在四年级的时候开始教授第二外语,但其他行政区会在其他年级开始教授。所以如果有学生搬到了另一个行政区,对他的教育将会很不利。

在瑞士,大多数学生都去公立学校。私立学校通常学费昂贵,且人们总是认为私立学校的学生可能没有公立学校的学生那么成功。公立学校包括幼儿园(kindergarten)、小学(elementary school)、中学(secondary school)和大学(universities)。

2、 法兰克福(Frankfurt)

法兰克福,全名为美因河畔法兰克福(Frankfurt am Main),位于德国的中西部,是德国的第五大城市,也是文学巨匠歌德的故乡。19世纪的法兰克福也是德国大城市之一,在1816年到1866年,它是德意志州联的首都和州联议会的所在地。

19世纪中期,由于第二次工业革命的发展,德国的工业化和城市化规模迅速扩大,大城市急速扩张,其中不乏法兰克福的身影。越来越多的人迁往城市寻找新的工作机会,城市呈现出爆炸式的人口增长。以法兰克福为例,在1817时其人口总数为4万人,到了1875年人口急剧上升到了10万人,1890年人口总数到达18万人。迁往法兰克福这样大城市的人,除了德国国内的居民,还有来自周边国家的劳工移民。Aunt Deta 就是属于这样的劳工移民。

3、 lady’s companion

18世纪到20世纪中期,欧洲的贵族女子绝大部分的时间都是待在家里,教育也是在家中进行,独自一人的生活相对单调,并且在社交上多有不便,所以贵族家庭会聘请一些背景信得过的女孩来当lady’s companion。Lady’s companion一般来自中上阶级家庭。当时,中上阶级的女子的工作机会很少,如果她需要除了家庭之外的其他经济支持,做一个lady’s companion是绝佳的选择,因为这份工作既有薪资,又不会自降身份。但是随着时代的演变,聘任家庭对于lady’s companion 的身份要求不再那么高,比如在《海蒂》里,即使小海蒂不是来自中上阶级,也可以去担任这个职位。

Lady’s companion 的主要工作是给予雇主家庭里的特定女性以陪伴和一些建议,陪同她们参加社交活动等等。这个职位不同于家中的仆人,她可以和主人们一同进食,并且拥有一间自己的房间,而不是住在仆人房。如果主人不要求,她可以不做任何家务。

4、 19世纪欧洲的服饰风尚

19世纪,随着中产阶级的慢慢崛起,样式简单大方的帽子开始流行,尤其是宽边缘、有下巴系带的bonnet风靡一时。人们不再喜欢用昂贵的珠宝首饰来头部,而是选择穿戴装饰有绸带、羽毛,人造水果、人造花的帽子。一些贵族喜欢用珍贵鸟类的羽毛来彰显自己的独特的地位。

在衣着服饰方面,这个时期依然以及地长裙为主。19世纪前期的裙子注意突出女性的线条,裙身突出腰线,下摆饱满,女性会内穿紧身内衣来突出腰部的纤细。到19世纪后半期,一种名为“princess line dress”的款式开始流行,它没有腰线,而更加突出女性的自然轮廓。

三、语言知识

  • 1. Heidi became very fond of the old grandmother, and when the weather was fair, she visited her/ every day/ that winter.

become fond of 变得喜欢

More and more people become fond of her movies.
越来越多的人喜欢了她的电影。

fair 形容词 adj.

  • fair——》“公平的,美丽的”

    fair price 公平的价格

    She is as fair as lily.
    她像百合花一样美。
  • fair——》 “晴朗的”

    fair skies 晴朗的天空

句子大意:
“Heidi喜欢上了老祖母(Heidi became very fond of the old grandmother),
那个冬天(that winter)
在天气晴朗的时候(when the weather was fair)
她每天都会去拜访她(she visited her/ every day)”。

  • 2. She also said/ that thanks/ to the uncle’s kindness, she slept better/ that winter/ than she had done/ for many a year.

many a 一个又一个、许多的

This ship must have spent many a year on the ocean floor.
船已经在海底里度过了好些年了。

句子大意:
“她也说多亏了(She also said that thanks/ to)
爷爷的好意(the uncle’s kindness),
那个冬天(that winter)
她睡的比许多年(冬天)睡的(than she had done/ for many a year)
都更好(she slept better)”。

  • 3. She was nearly eight years old, and/ had learned to take care of the goats, who ran after her/ like little dogs.

ran after “追赶、追踪”

句子大意:
“她快8岁了(She was nearly eight years old),
已经学会了照顾这些(had learned to take care of)
像小狗一样追赶她(who ran after her/ like little dogs)的山羊们”。

  • 4. Several times/ the village teacher had sent word / by Peter/ that the child was wanted/ in school.

time 名词 n.

  • time——》“时间”

    It was time to go.
    是时候该走了。
  • time——》“次数”

    That is the second time you have made the mistakes.
    这是你第二次犯错了。

send word 转告、通知

Please send word to me when you are arrival.
当你到达的时候请通知我一下。

句子大意:
“山村教师已经好几次(Several times/ the village teacher)
通过Peter转告(had sent word / by Peter)
说这个孩子(Heidi)被期盼着去上学(the child was wanted/ in school)”

  • 5. But the old man had not paid any attention to the message.

pay attention to sb/sth 注意、重视

I have to pay attention to my homework.
我必须重视我的作业。

句子大意:
“但是这个老人(But the old man)
没有重视这条消息(had not paid any attention to the message)”。

  • 6. Heidi was running/ to and fro/ before the door, when she suddenly saw an old gentleman, dressed in black, standing/ beside her.

句子大意:
“Heidi在门前(before the door)来回地跑动(running/ to and fro),
那时她突然看到(when she suddenly saw)那位穿着黑色衣服的,
站在她身边的(dressed in black, standing/ beside her)一位年老的绅士(an old gentleman)”。

  • 7. As she appeared frightened, he said kindly, “You must not be afraid of me, for I love children.

be afraid of 害怕

There is nothing to be afraid of.
没有什么好害怕的。

句子大意:
“当她看起来很害怕时(As she appeared frightened),
他温和地说(he said kindly)
‘你不用怕我(You must not be afraid of me),
因为我喜欢孩子(for I love children)’”。

  • 8. The old gentleman was in charge of the church in the village.

in charge of 主管、掌管

She is in charge of the school work.
她负责学校工作。

句子大意:“这个老绅士(The old gentleman)
负责管理村里的这个教堂(in charge of the church in the village)”。

  • 9. Heidi disappeared/ on the spot. “The child should have come to school/ a year ago” the gentleman went on to say.

go on to do sth (做完一件事)接下来继续做(另一件事)

She finished her homework and went on to watch television.
她完成家庭作业后,然后又继续去看电视。

句子大意:
“Heidi立刻离开了(Heidi disappeared/ on the spot),
绅士继续说(the gentleman went on to say)“
这孩子早在一年前就应该上学了(The child should have come to school/ a year ago)”。

  • 10. “Didn’t you get the teacher’s warning? What do you intend to do with the child?”

intend to do sth 打算、计划某事

She intends to find a job after graduation.
她打算毕业后去找工作。

句子大意:
“你没有收到老师的提醒吗(Didn’t you get the teacher’s warning)?
你对这个孩子有什么打算呢(What do you intend to do with the child)?”

  • 11. “But she is human, and it’s high time for her to learn something. I have come/ now/ to tell you about it, so that/ you can make your plans”.

so that 为了、以便


But I gave you a map so that you wouldn’t get lost!
但我怕你迷路就给了你一张地图!

句子大意:
“但是她是人啊(But she is human),
她是时候去学点东西了(it’s high time for her to learn something)。
现在我来这告诉你这件事(I have come/ now/ to tell you about it)
是为了你能做好你的打算(so that/ you can make your plans)”。

  • 12. “I couldn’t live in the village, for the people there and I hate each other; we had better keep apart.”

had better (告诉别人应该做的事)应该

We had better go before it rains.
我们最好在下雨前就去。

句子大意:
“我不会生活在村里(I couldn’t live in the village),
因为我和那里的人相互憎恨(for the people there and I hate each other),
我们最好分开(生活)(we had better keep apart)”。

  • 14.We shall receive you gladly, when you make peace with God and man.”

make peace with sb 与人和解、言归于好

She was trying to make peace with her next-door neighbors.
她试图与隔壁邻居讲和。

句子大意:
“当你与上帝、与人和解的时候(when you make peace with God and man),
我们都会欣然接受你(We shall receive you gladly)”。

  • 15. But the uncle replied firmly: “Thank you/ for your kindness, but you will have to wait/ in vain.”

in vain 枉费心机、白费力气

All my efforts were in vain.
我的所有努力都付诸东流了。

句子大意:
“但是大叔坚决地回答道(But the uncle replied firmly):
谢谢你的好意(Thank you/ for your kindness),
但是你将会徒劳地等待(but you will have to wait in vain)”

  • 16. The grandfather was/ out of humor/ that day, and when Heidi begged to go to see the grandmother, he only said/ in a low voice: “Not today.”

out of humor 闷闷不乐、情绪不好

  • out of——》“缺乏、没有”
  • humor——》“心情、情绪”
  • out of humor——》“没有心情”——》“闷闷不乐、情绪不好”。

    He was out of humor because the heavy rain prevented him going outside.
    因为下大雨,他出去不了,所以闷闷不乐的。

句子大意:
“爷爷那天情绪不好(out of humor),
当Heidi请求去(when Heidi begged to)
看望奶奶的时候(go to see the grandmother),
他只是低声回答了一句(he only said/ in a low voice):
‘今天不行(Not today)’”

  • 17. It was Heidi’s aunt Deta; she wore a hat/ with feathers and a dress/ with such a long train/ that swept up the floor.

train 名词 n.

  • train——》“火车”

    I like traveling by train.
    我喜欢坐火车旅行。


    Many girls like wearing a dress with a long train in their wedding.
    许多女生都喜欢在她们的婚礼上,穿带有很长裙摆的礼服。

句子大意:
“是Heidi的阿姨Deta(It was Heidi’s aunt Deta),
她带了一顶有羽毛的帽子(she wore a hat/ with feathers),
穿了一条裙摆都可以扫地的裙子(a dress/ with such a long train / that swept up the floor)”。

  • 18. She told him/ that she had tried to provide for the child/ elsewhere, and at last/ she had found a splendid chance/ for her/ in Frankfurt.

provide for sb 赡养、提供生计

When we grow up, we should learn to provide for our parents.
我们长大了,应该学会赡养父母。

句子大意:
“(Deta)她告诉他(Heidi的爷爷)(She told him),
她决定在别的地方供养Heidi(she had tried to provide for the child/ elsewhere),
终于(at last)
她在Frankfurt为她找到了一个极好的机会(she had found a splendid chance/ for her/ in Frankfurt)”。

  • 19. A rich relative of the lady, whom/ Deta had worked/ for, had a lame daughter.

句子大意:
“Deta为那个女士打工(whom/ Deta had worked/ for),
女士的一个有钱亲戚(A rich relative of the lady)
有一个跛足的女儿(had a lame daughter)”。

  • 20. Deta had heard from her lady/ that a sweet child was wanted/ as playmate and schoolmate/ for the disabled girl.

hear from sb 从某人那听到

句子大意:
“Deta从那位女士那听到(Deta had heard from her lady),
想要一个贴心的孩子(a sweet child was wanted)
作为残疾女孩的玩伴和陪读(as playmate and schoolmate/ for the disabled girl)”。

  • 21. The lady, delighted with the idea, had told her to fetch the child/ at once.

be delighted with sth 对…感到满意

My parents were delighted with the scores that I’ve got in the examination.
我考试成绩很好,对此,我父母都很高兴。

句子大意:
“这位女士(The lady)对这个(Deta提出的)想法很满意(delighted with the idea),
告诉Deta立马(at once)去接来这个小孩(had told her to fetch the child)”。

  • 22. Deta said, “Because one never knew/ what might happen/ in such a case, and who could tell—”

case 名词 n.

  • case——》“箱子”

    beauty case
    化妆箱
  • case——》“情况”

    I will try my best to help you in that case.
    如果是那样的话,我会尽可能地帮你。

句子大意:
“Deta说:“因为(Because)在这种情况下(in such a case),
没人知道可能会发生什么(one never knew/ what might happen),
也没人知道谁能告诉(who could tell)——”

  • 23. Deta, flaming up, replied: “Do you want to hear/ what I think? Don’t I know/ how old she is?

句子大意:
“Deta怒气大发(Deta, flaming up),
回答说(replied):
‘你想知道我怎么想的吗(Do you want to hear/ what I think)?
难道我不知道她(Heidi)多大了吗(Don’t I know/ how old she is)?’”。

  • 24. Eight years old/ and ignorant of everything.

be ignorant of sth 不懂…

We have been still ignorant of the causes of some diseases up to now.
直至目前,我们对某些疾病的病因还一无所知。

句子大意:
“(Heidi都已经)8岁了(Eight years old),
对一切事情都无知(ignorant of everything)”

  • 25. You had better give way/ or I shall get the people/ to back me.”

give way 让步、屈服

The soldiers were fighting boldly in order not to give way to the enemies.
为了不向敌方屈服,战士们英勇奋战。

or 连词 adj.

  • or——》“或者”

    Tea or coffee? 喝茶还是咖啡?
  • or——》“否则、要不然”

    Hurry up! Or you will be late for the class.
    快点儿!不然要迟到啦。

back 副词 adv. / 动词 v.

  • back——》副词,“向后”

    back and forth
    来回地、来来回回
  • back——》动词,“支持、援助”。

    I will always back you.
    我会一直支持你的。

句子大意:
“你最好让步吧(You had better give way)。
不然(or)我会让大家都支持我的(I shall get the people/ to back me)”

  • 26. “Be quiet!” the uncle thundered/ with flaming eyes.

thunder 名词 n. / 动词 v.

  • thunder——》名词,“雷电”

    The thunder crashed. 雷声轰隆隆。
  • thunder——》动词,“怒喝”。

    Some people thundered at the government’s policy.
    一些人愤怒谴责这个政府出台的政策。

句子大意:
“‘住口(Be quiet)’大叔怒喝到(the uncle thundered),
眼睛里冒出怒火(with flaming eyes)”

  • 27. Take her and ruin her, but do not bring her/ before my sight again.

before one’s sight 出现在某人面前


Don’t appear before my sight again!
别再出现在我面前。

句子大意:
“带她走,毁掉她吧(Take her and ruin her),
再也别带她(do not bring her)出现在我面前了(before my sight again)”

参考资料
1.http://animal-council.blogspot.com/2014/02/why-do-eagles-scream.html?m=1

四、今日短语

今日短语

五、今日彩蛋

1、 良心剧单

1)入门级

  • 《摩登家庭》
  • 《老爸老妈浪漫史》
  • 《老友记》

2)进阶级

  • 《美少女的谎言》
  • 《我们这一天》

3)殿堂级

  • 《纸牌屋》
  • 《权力的游戏》
  • 《傲骨贤妻》
  • 《国土安全》

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_43453386/article/details/83501728