由于CSDN审核机制，导致原文章无法发出，故修改了相关词汇，并改为两篇问章发布。
数据获取
翻页操作
观察可知，我们只需要修改start参数即可
headers字段
headers中有很多字段，这些字段都有可能会被对方服务器拿过来进行判断是否为爬虫
通过headers中的User-Agent字段来
- 原理：默认情况下没有User-Agent，而是使用模块默认设置
- 解决方法：请求之前添加User-Agent即可；更好的方式是使用User-Agent池来解决（收集一堆User-Agent的方式，或者是随机生成User-Agent）
在这里我们只需要添加请求头即可
数据定位
这里我使用的是xpath
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Kun
import requests
from lxml import etree
import pandas as pd
df = []
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4343.0 Safari/537.36',
'Referer': 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'}
columns = ['排名','电影名称','导演','上映年份','制作国家','类型','评分','评价分数','短评']
def get_data(html):
xp = etree.HTML(html)
lis = xp.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ol/li')
for li in lis:
"""排名、标题、导演、演员、"""
ranks = li.xpath('div/div[1]/em/text()')
titles = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[1]/a/span[1]/text()')
directors = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()')[0].strip().replace("\xa0\xa0\xa0","\t").split("\t")
infos = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()')[1].strip().replace('\xa0','').split('/')
dates,areas,genres = infos[0],infos[1],infos[2]
ratings = li.xpath('.//div[@class="star"]/span[2]/text()')[0]
scores = li.xpath('.//div[@class="star"]/span[4]/text()')[0][:-3]
quotes = li.xpath('.//p[@class="quote"]/span/text()')
for rank,title,director in zip(ranks,titles,directors):
if len(quotes) == 0:
quotes = None
else:
quotes = quotes[0]
df.append([rank,title,director,dates,areas,genres,ratings,scores,quotes])
d = pd.DataFrame(df,columns=columns)
d.to_excel('Top250.xlsx',index=False)
for i in range(0,251,25):
url = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}&filter=".format(str(i))
res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
html = res.text
get_data(html)
生成的数据保存在Top250.xlsx中。
- 使用面向对象+线程
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Tue Feb 2 15:19:29 2021
@author: 北山啦
"""
import pandas as pd
import time
import requests
from lxml import etree
from queue import Queue
from threading import Thread, Lock
class Movie():
def __init__(self):
self.df = []
self.headers ={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4343.0 Safari/537.36',
'Referer': 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'}
self.columns = ['排名','电影名称','导演','上映年份','制作国家','类型','评分','评价分数','短评']
self.lock = Lock()
self.url_list = Queue()
def get_url(self):
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250?start={}&filter='
for i in range(0,250,25):
self.url_list.put(url.format(str(i)))
def get_html(self):
while True:
if not self.url_list.empty():
url = self.url_list.get()
resp = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers)
html = resp.text
self.xpath_parse(html)
else:
break
def xpath_parse(self,html):
xp = etree.HTML(html)
lis = xp.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/div/div[1]/ol/li')
for li in lis:
"""排名、标题、导演、演员、"""
ranks = li.xpath('div/div[1]/em/text()')
titles = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[1]/a/span[1]/text()')
directors = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()')[0].strip().replace("\xa0\xa0\xa0","\t").split("\t")
infos = li.xpath('div/div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()')[1].strip().replace('\xa0','').split('/')
dates,areas,genres = infos[0],infos[1],infos[2]
ratings = li.xpath('.//div[@class="star"]/span[2]/text()')[0]
scores = li.xpath('.//div[@class="star"]/span[4]/text()')[0][:-3]
quotes = li.xpath('.//p[@class="quote"]/span/text()')
for rank,title,director in zip(ranks,titles,directors):
if len(quotes) == 0:
quotes = None
else:
quotes = quotes[0]
self.df.append([rank,title,director,dates,areas,genres,ratings,scores,quotes])
d = pd.DataFrame(self.df,columns=self.columns)
d.to_excel('douban.xlsx',index=False)
def main(self):
start_time = time.time()
self.get_url()
th_list = []
for i in range(5):
th = Thread(target=self.get_html)
th.start()
th_list.append(th)
for th in th_list:
th.join()
end_time = time.time()
print(end_time-start_time)
if __name__ == '__main__':
spider = Movie()
spider.main()