2016 FT年度人物（入围）
Narendra Modi/印度总理莫迪
FT年度人物入围人选之二：对这位印度总理来说，突然取消大面值纸币的举措无疑是一场政治赌博。
Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth,and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.Yet change had been incremental.
2014年，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪带着对恢复经济增长、为失业青年创造就业、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的资金的承诺上台。不过，改变一直是渐进发生的。
But on November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.In a televised speech, he declared an immediate ban on the use of Rs500 and Rs1,000 notes—86 per cent of India’s circulating cash supply—in a highly cash-driven economy and ordered that they be returned to banks by the end of the year.
但在11月8日，莫迪引发了一场“大爆炸”，让大多数印度人完全措手不及。在电视讲话中，他宣布立即禁止在高度现金驱动的印度经济中使用面值为500和1000卢比的纸币——占印度流通中现金供应量的86%——并且下令在今年年底前把这些纸币存入银行。
It is a big political gamble for Mr Modi, who apparently decided on the sweeping step after limited consultations and with minimal preparation.
对莫迪来说，这是一场政治大赌博，他显然是在有限的磋商和几乎毫无准备的情况下决定了这项影响极为广泛的措施。
He is betting the political pay-off for demonstrating tough resolve on black money—and, incidentally, wiping out the cash reserves of his political rivals—will outweigh the economic costs of the acute cash scarcity. Several large state elections early next year will indicate whether he is right.
他在赌，展现自己对打击黑钱——并顺带清洗掉政治对手的现金储备——的坚定决心所带来的政治收益，将超过严重现金短缺所带来的经济成本。明年年初举行的多个大邦选举将表明他是否押对了。
Nigel Farage/英国前独立党领导人法拉奇
FT年度人物入围人选之三：英国独立党前领袖推动了退欧运动，如今是欧洲民粹主义运动浪潮的代言人。
Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year: smiling alongside a victorious Donald Trump outside the gold doors of the president-elect’s New York apartment.
“政治精英”的克星、疑欧派人士奈杰尔·法拉奇用一张今年最有影响力、也最具讽刺意味的照片，为不寻常的2016年画上了句号。在这张照片上，他笑着站在赢得了美国大选的唐纳德·特朗普旁边，身后是这位当选总统纽约住宅的金色大门。
Leading Britain out of the EU already qualifies Mr Farage as a politician of huge significance. If Brexit leads to the unravelling of the EU project,historians will regard him as the catalyst and his role in the events of 2016 as a defining moment.
领导英国退出欧盟已经让法拉奇有资格被称为举足轻重的政客。如果英国退欧导致欧盟项目瓦解，历史学家们会将他视为促成这一过程的人，并将他在2016年各项事件中扮演的角色视为一个决定性时刻。
Masayoshi Son/软银集团孙正义
FT年度人物入围人选之四：一旦看中目标，就迅速出击，这位韩裔日本人把软银打造成了世界互联网巨头。
Masayoshi Son, the risk-addicted billionaire who built Japan’s SoftBank into a global internet powerhouse, is a man who moves fast to seize whatever he has set his eyes on.
孙正义一旦看中什么目标，就会迅速出击。这位爱冒险的亿万富翁把他在日本一手创办的软银(SoftBank)打造成了世界互联网巨头。
Less than a month after Britain voted to leave the EU, Mr Son clinched a deal to acquire UK chip designer Arm Holdings for £24.3bn. It was the largest Asian takeover of a British company.But the audacious deal was not enough to satisfy the 59-year-old known as Masa, who enjoys his reputation for having big and crazy ideas.
英国举行公投决定退出欧盟不到1个月，孙正义就敲定了一项协议，同意以243亿英镑收购英国芯片设计公司安谋国际(Arm Holdings)，成为亚洲企业对英国公司最大规模的收购案。但这笔大胆的交易还满足不了这位59岁、人称“Masa”的企业家。他喜欢人们说他总是有疯狂的奇思妙想。
After the summer had passed, Mr Son was off to Riyadh to meet Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s powerful deputy crown prince, to launch a $100bn technology fund. Armed with fresh funding power, Mr Son was next spotted in New York, forging ties with President-elect Donald Trump with a $50bn pledge to invest in US start-ups.
夏天刚过，孙正义动身前往利雅德，与沙特副王储、掌握实权的穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼王子会面，目的是发起设立一只1000亿美元的科技基金。携着新的资金实力，孙正义又现身纽约，与美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普建立了关系，承诺向美国初创企业投资500亿美元。
Omran Daqneesh/叙利亚男孩奥姆兰·达克尼什
FT年度人物入围人选之五：这个5岁的小男孩让整个世界意识到了它对叙利亚人民所受苦难的麻木不仁。
His tiny legs dangling from the seat of an ambulance, staring numbly and coated in dirt and blood, five-year-old Omran Daqneesh for a brief moment on August 17, 2016 reminded the world of its numbness to the tragedy ripping apart Syria’s ancient city of Aleppo—and a war that has shaken the Middle East and sent its shockwaves across the world.
他的小细腿在救护车座椅边缘耷拉着，眼神呆滞地盯着前方，衣服上沾满了尘土和鲜血——5岁的奥姆兰·达克尼什在2016年8月17日的一个瞬间，让整个世界意识到了它对这场令叙利亚古城阿勒颇支离破碎的悲剧、以及这场撼动了整个中东并影响到世界各地的战争的麻木不仁。
Newspapers in Europe and the US spread the image of the small boy,injured and alone, and Omran became the face of a war the world is unable,or unwilling, to stop. After tens of thousands of civilians managed to flee amid intense fighting this month, Omran’s whereabouts are currently unknown.
欧洲和美国的报纸纷纷登出了这个遍体鳞伤、形单影只的小男孩的照片，奥姆兰成了这场世界无法、或不愿阻止的战争的缩影。本月，上万名平民在激烈的交火中逃离阿勒颇，而奥姆兰目前下落不明。
长难句43~46
语法和长难句43【真题例句】Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude.(1998-2-5)
句子结构：
a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain是同位语，解释前面的Leonard Schlesinger。
a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes是Au Bon Pain的同位语。
says是谓语。
高频词：
acadamic，学术的。
executive，管理者。
crude，粗糙的。
哈佛大学学者、迅速发展的面包店连锁店Au Bon Pain前首席执行长莱纳德•施莱辛格(Leonard Schlesinger)说，很多“重新设计”都是粗糙的。
语法和长难句44【真题例句】Intellect, according to Hosfstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire.
句子结构：
a quality we reluctantly admire是同位语，解释前面的intelligence。
高频词：
be diffrent from 不同于。
native，天生的。
quality，品质。
reluctantly，不愿意地。
根据霍夫施塔特的观点，智力不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一种我们不情愿地赞赏的品质。
语法和长难句45【真题例句】 Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. (1999-3-2)
句子结构：
a character和后面所有的结构做前面名词citizen的同位语。who是挂钩词。
assess是从句的谓语。
how引导宾语从句。
高频词：
certain，确定的，某种的。
citizen，公民。
assess，评估。
affect，影响。
相反，我们有美国公民的某种观念，如果他不能很好地评估他的生活和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么他的公民特征就是不完整的。
语法和长难句46【真题例句】Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005-1-1)
句子结构：
is regarded as 被认为。谓语。
that引导同位语从句，解释和说明前面的assumption。
高频词：
behavior，行为。
assumpution，推测。
develop，产生。
sense，感觉。
这种行为被认为是“人之常情”，其潜在的假设是，其他动物不可能有这种高度发展的不满感。
备注：全篇博客翻译不一定准确，如需高质量的翻译，请自行上网查
长难句47~48
语法和长难句47【真题例句】Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. (1999-2-3)
句子结构：
that引导同位语从句。
flowing onto the screen现在分词短语做定语。
高频词：
online，线上。
think of 思考。
notion见解。
screen，屏幕。
come，出现。
specific，特殊的。
request，需求。
网络文化高度重视这样一种观念，即信息是根据特定的要求才出现在屏幕上的。
语法和长难句48【真题例句】If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. (2003-2-4)
句子结构：
that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 是同位语从句，解释和说明possibility。
高频词：
possibility，可能性。
uniformed，消息不灵通的。
citizenry，公民。
precious，珍贵的。
medical，医学的。
progress，进步。
如果好人袖手旁观，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。
长难句49~50
语法和长难句49，【真题例句】In talking to some scientists，particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. (1999-5-3)
句子结构：
that引导同位语从句解释impression。
高频词：
1，impression，印象。
2，substitute，代替。
在和一些科学家，特别是青年科学家交谈时，你可能会产生这样一种印象：他们认为“科学方法”可以代替创造性思维。
语法和长难句50，【真题例句】Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. (1997-4-4)
【参考译文】莱文不愿对上周的辩论加以评论，但是有迹象表明这位主席至少在某种程度上松动其强硬的立场。
句子结构：that引导同位语从句。
高频词：
comment on 评论。
to some extent，在某种程度上。
debate，争论。
长难句51~58
语法和长难句51【真题例句】“I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this. “ (1997-4-5)
句子结构：
that引导同位语从句。（不是强调句）。
associated with the company过去分词短语做定语。
高频词：
case，案例。
associate，与 有关。
realize，意识到。
我想可能是一些与公司有关的人最近才意识到这一点
语法和长难句52【真题例句】Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. (2001-4-5)
句子结构：
that引导同位语从句，解释前面的fact。
高频词：
remain，维持。
movement，运动。
但是一个事实仍然存在：合并活动必须受到严密监视。
语法和长难句53【真题例句】The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. (1999-4-2)
句子结构：however应该放在句首。
whether引导同位语从句，做question的同位语。
that引导定语从句修饰legislation。
it 指代for private funding to be used for human cloning。
高频词：
panel，专家组。
crucial，重要的。
legislation，立法。
crime，犯罪。
然而，该委员会尚未就一个关键问题达成协议，即是否建议立法，将私人资金用于克隆人的行为定为犯罪。
语法和长难句54 The fact that Naturale does so with subtle snark makes Merriam-Webster’s posts all the more engaging.
Naturale找的微妙的小麻烦，让韦氏词典的推文更受欢迎
all the more adv.更加
语法和长难句55【真题例句】Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right； but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on，the wider geological picture. (2001-1-3)
句子结构：but连接两个并列的句子。
and连接incorporate和reflect on两个部分。
高频词：
local，当地的。
study，研究。
increasingly，渐渐地。
reflect on 反映。
professional，职业人士。
【参考译文】因此，在19世纪，当地的地质研究本身就表现出了其研究的价值；而到了20世纪，当地的研究越来越多地被专业人员接受，只要它们包含并反映在更广阔的地质面貌上。
语法和长难句56【真题例句】As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. (2000-5-3)
句子结构：
a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young，是同位语，解释和说明ambition。
to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young是动词不定式做定语，修饰 a quality。
高频词：
support，支持。
impulse，冲动。
quality，品质。
admire，崇拜。
因此，在美国，作为一种健康的冲动，一种应该令人钦佩并扎根于青年人心灵的品质，雄心壮志所得到的支持也许比以往任何时期都低。
语法和长难句57【真题例句】Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. (2007-3-1)
句子结构：or连接3个名词做主语。
高频词：
spouse，配偶。
reduce，减少。
middle class，中产阶级。
disappear，消失。
如今，一份解雇通知书、一纸重病诊断书或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内使一个稳固的中产阶级家庭沦为一个新的贫困户。
语法和长难句58【真题例句】With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. (2004-1-2)
句子结构：finding promising openings 是动名词短语做主语。
高频词：
site，网站。
promising adj. 有希望的；有前途的；有出息的
time-consuming，浪费时间的。
互联网上有成千上万的与求职相关的网站，寻找有前途的职位既费时又低效。
重点句子
It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens.
词汇总结
demographics [demə’græfɪks]
n.人口结构特征；人口统计资料
The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.
帮助特朗普胜选的人群——年龄较大、白人男性和非城市居民为主——与欧洲的民粹主义者在人口结构上惊人地相似。
special interest
特殊利益集团
Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests.
特朗普乐于承认他是特殊利益集团之一。
brag [bræg]
v.吹牛，自夸
He also bragged of having avoided taxes.
他还吹嘘过自己的避税行为。
nimble ['nɪmb(ə)l]
adj.滑头的；敏捷的；聪明的；敏感的
Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble.
不过，结过3次婚的特朗普极其滑头。
revive economic growth
恢复经济增长
Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed youth,and find and repatriate money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.
2014年，印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪带着对恢复经济增长、为失业青年创造就业、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的资金的承诺上台。
off-guard
措手不及
On November 8, Mr Modi set off a “big bang” that caught most Indians totally off-guard.
在11月8日，莫迪引发了一场“大爆炸”，让大多数印度人完全措手不及。
Eurosceptic [jʊərəʊ’skeptɪk]
n.疑欧派的；欧洲统一怀疑论者
Nigel Farage, Eurosceptic scourge of “the political elite”, ended a remarkable 2016 appearing in the most potent and ironic picture of the year.
“政治精英”的克星、疑欧派人士奈杰尔·法拉奇用一张今年最有影响力、也最具讽刺意味的照片，为不寻常的2016年画上了句号。