考研英语(六)——定语从句

定语从句⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

一、定语和定语从句

1.定语:只要听到…的+名词…的就是修饰这个定语的成分。

2.定语成分:

①adj修饰n
The naive nightingale lost his life.
②n修饰n
The singing of the nightingale enables the rose to bloom.
③prep修饰n
The nightingale out of the window heard the sigh of the youngster.
④非谓语动词修饰n
The singing nightingale died pitifully.
The rightingable to sing died pitifully.
⑤从句修饰n
⑥形容词性物主代词修饰n
my/your/thier mother

3.定语的位置
大部分符合前小后大”:单词不多的放前面,单词很多的放后面。

例外:

①The boy discarded looks pitiful.
当过去分词修饰名词的时候,即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后面。
②I have something imperative to say.
当adj修饰不定代词时,即使只有一个单词也通常放在不定代词后。

小练习:
①This is a fiction with regard to a nightingale and a rose.
介词短语修饰名词
翻译:这个故事是关于一个夜莺和一朵玫瑰.

②The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.
非谓语动词修饰名词+介词短语修饰名词
翻译:这个把握住浪漫的年轻人离开了王子的派对

③I am crazy about the jewelry sent by the prince.
非谓语动词修饰名词
翻译:我喜欢王子送我们的珠宝

4.引导词
定语从句的引导词是按照先行词(n.)种类分类(高中老师说的)

①当先行词是人的时候
who whom whose
②当先行词是物的时候
that which whose
③当先行词是时间的时候
that which when
④当先行词是地点的时候
that which where
⑤当先行词是原因的时候
that which why

到底是谁决定了定语从句的引导词?

①先看先行词缩小范围
②看引导词在从句中能否充当成分

定语从句的引导词还可按照引导的词性分类

代词(在从句中充当主语或宾语的成分)
who whom that which
副词(在从句中不充当任何成分)
where when why
形容词(在从句中修饰离他最近的名词)
whose

例句:
①Boys whose families keep wealthy never fail to fascinate me.
注:
never fail to 总是;一定会
这里的whose引导的定语从句,whose修饰boys
翻译:
这些男孩的家里很有钱总是吸引我

②The senior citizen passed away on the day when his son arrived.
这里是when引导的定语从句表示时间状语
翻译:
那个老人在他儿子到达的那一天去世了。

5.定语从句和同位语从句的区别

思考区分同位语从句和定语从句:
①I have a dream that i will become a teacher.
②I have a dream that sounds ridiculous.

区别

①看从句本身的意思,定语从句是对前面的名词的修饰,而同位语是对前面的名词的解释
②看引导词that在从句中是否从当成分,如果充当了成分那就是定语从句,如果没有就是同位语从句
③定语从句先行词可以是所有的名词,而同位语的先行词只能是抽象名词(如意见,建议,问题,梦想)
④定语从句的引导词有8个,而同位语从句的引导词一般都是that

现在我们在看思考题:
I have a dream that i will become a teacher.
很明显这里that补充当成分所以是同位语从句
I have a dream that sounds ridicuous.
这里that从当主语dream,所以是定语从句.

6.考点分析
1.写作(只要作文中见到名词都可以有意识地在后面加定语,拉长句子)
例句:
Raising pets can reduce loneliness.
给这句话加定语后
Raising pets looks remarkably cute as well as smart can reduce loneliness of senior citizens.

Reading books can broaden eyesight.
扩写
Reading books such as Little Prince,Red and Black,and I Love My Mother can broaden eyesight of all children and adults.

例句记忆:
Yangzi River which flows through diverse ecological systems and irrigates chinese 1/5 remains the home of an army of endangered species.
分析:
主句谓语动词是remains
主句结构式主系表结构 Yangzi River remains the home
这里which引导的定语从句是修饰Yangzi River

翻译:
扬子江流经各个生态系统、灌溉了中国1/5的土地,是很多濒危物种的家。

2.长难句分析:能够快速的找到一句话中定语成分并且翻译出来

找定语的关键就是找名词,只要名词后面有一坨东西,在没有讲状语之前通常认为都认为是定语,定语从名词后面开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束,但是如果定语从句本身就在主句谓语动词之后定语就从名词后开始““通常””到句末结束。
例外是,如果定语后有连词的话定语不再到句末而到连词前结束。

真题分析:
In short,a leader of the new school contends ,the scientific revlution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.

注:
new school 新学派
contend 认为
as we call it 我们称之为
improvement 改进
the reach of 范围
innumerable directions 各个方向

1.找主句谓语动词:contends
2.找从句instrument后有个that引导的定语从句,因为在主句谓语后面的从句一般都是到末尾结束,通过观察没有and确定该从句到末尾结束。

翻译:
简而言之,一个新学派的领袖人认为,科学革命,我们称之为,很大程度是一系列工具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用扩大科学各个领域的范围。

In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful :groups (which bring together televison,radio,newspapers,magzines and publishing houses( that work in relation to one another)).

1.找主句的谓语动词 :have been
2.看从句在groups后which引导的定语从句到句末(其中的and连接一个单词忽略),我们还会发现定语从句里还有一个that引导的定语从句,翻译时需要注意!

注:
multi-media groups 传媒集团
bring together 把…联合/结合在一起
relation 关系;联系

翻译:
在欧洲,并且在其他地方,传媒集体越来越成功,这些集团把电视,广播,报纸,杂志和出版社相关的内容结合在一起。

Creating a European identity (that respects the different cultures and traditions (which go to make up the conneting fabric of the old continent )) is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.

1.找主句的谓语动词,我们会发现主句是由and并列两个句子,所以谓语动词有两个,前一个句子谓语动词:is 这是一个主系表结构。后一个句子的谓语动词是:demands 这是一个主谓宾结构。
2.找从句,我们会发现从句在主句谓语动词之前,之前的and连接两个单词忽略不看,所以that引导的定语从句到is结束。
3.看从句我们会发现从句里还有which引导的定语从句,翻译时需注意。

翻译:
创建一个欧洲身份是一个不简单的人物,并且这需要战略性的选择,欧洲身份尊敬不同的文化和传统,尊敬不同的文化和传统把旧大陆编织成一个整体。

(Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both (in a particular situation)) depends,therefore,upon the evidence (from experience concerning comparative validity) and upon such factors (as cost and availability).

1.这句话的主句的谓语动词是:depends 结构式主谓宾结构
2.找定语

注:
whether to …,or 是…还是…
in particular situation 在某个特定情况下
the evidence from experience 经验依据
concerning 与…有关
comparative validity 相对效度
such factors as…诸如…等因素

翻译:
因此,在某种特定情况下,究竟是采取测试还是其他类型的信息,或者两者都使用,取决于与相关效度有关的经验依据,并且还取决于开销和有无来源等因素。

一个大定语中通常会有无数个定语,每个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束,但是固定搭配除外

例句:
After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first leagl authority in the world /to allow doctors to take the lives /of incurably iill patients /who wish to die.

1.先找主句的谓语动词:became
2.定语在authority后开始一共有四个定语

翻译:
在六个月的讨论和最后16个小时的国会激烈的争论之后,澳大利亚的北部地区成为了世界上第一个允许医生结束渴望死的绝症病人的生命合法当局。

Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors /at the south pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.

1.找主句的谓语动词:这是and并列的两个句子,第一句是主句的谓语动词是are closing in 这主谓宾结构,第二句的谓语动词是may report 这句是主谓宾结构。
2.我们会发现这里有定语之间有连词and,易得出这里缺省了working with

注:
ground-based detectors 地基探测器
balloon-borne 球载
be closing in 正在接近

翻译:
天体物理学家工作在南极的地基探测器和工作的球载仪器正在接近这个结构,并且可能很快会报道他们的发现。

发布了14 篇原创文章 · 获赞 4 · 访问量 793

猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/lafsca5/article/details/104734451