2016 FT年度人物
Donald Trump/唐纳德·特朗普
特朗普誓言，将成为一名打破常规的总统，不会惧怕任何规则、机构、甚至宪法原则。若此话当真，民主制度可能遭受无法估量的损害。
It Can’t Happen Here was the title of Sinclair Lewis’s celebrated 1935 novel about fascism in America. It didn’t then, and many well-informed Americans—Republicans and Democrats—believed that the election of Donald Trump wouldn’t happen either.
《不可能在这里发生》是辛克莱尔·刘易斯1935年发表的关于法西斯主义在美国的著名小说。当时确实没发生，而美国的很多有识之士——共和党和民主党都有——也曾认为唐纳德·特朗普不可能当选。
Then came the night of Mr Trump’s triumph. It was one that few with even the faintest political awareness will ever forget.Almost everyone turned out to be wrong—everyone, that is, except the man who apparently lived in a fantasy world. “It is going to be Brexit times five,” Mr Trump said during the campaign. For once he may have been understating things.
接着迎来了特朗普的胜利之夜。那是连最不具备政治意识的人也永远难忘的少数几个重大夜晚之一。几乎每个人都猜错了——或者说，除了那位明显生活在梦幻世界的人以外的所有人。“这带来的影响将是英国退欧的五倍，”特朗普在竞选期间曾经说道。那一次，他或许低估了事实。
Each circumstance may be unique but they are bound by powerful trends.The biggest is a general revulsion against established politics.Closely related is the collapse in trust for the media—or the Lügenpresse as Mr Trump’s alt-right supporters call it, in a reprisal of Hitler’s attacks on the “lying press”.
这些事件发生的舞台或许各不相同，但是它们都被强大趋势捆绑在一起。最大的趋势是公众对建制派政治的普遍反感。与之紧密相连的趋势是公众对媒体的信任坍塌——或者像特朗普的另类右翼支持者所称的“说谎的媒体”(Lügenpresse)，重现了当年希特勒对“说谎的媒体”发起的攻击。
A third is a rejection of globalisation.Mr Trump’s vow to “put America first” echoes what his European counterparts say about their countries.The older, whiter, non-urban and heavily male coalition that helped to elect him is strikingly similar to populist demographics in Europe.
第三个趋势是拒绝全球化。特朗普誓言“把美国放在首位”，与他在欧洲的同僚对本国说的话遥相呼应。帮助特朗普胜选的人群——年龄较大、白人男性和非城市居民为主——与欧洲的民粹主义者在人口结构上惊人地相似。
Mr Trump’s most extravagant claim was that “I alone can fix it”—by which he meant the “rigged” system of special interests who curry favour with politicians to further their ends.
特朗普最张扬的说法是“只有我才能搞定”(I alone can fix it)——他指的是搞定目前受到特殊利益集团“操纵”的体制，这些利益集团通过拉拢政客来达到自己的目的。
Mr Trump was happy to admit he was one of those special interests, having contributed to both the Democratic and Republican parties during a lifetime of political shape-shifting. He also bragged of having avoided taxes. Yet he vowed to be an iconoclastic president in which no rules,institution or even constitutional principle would be sacred.
特朗普乐于承认他是特殊利益集团之一，在他一生的政治变身中，他为民主党和共和党都做过贡献。他还吹嘘过自己的避税行为。不过，他发誓将成为一名打破常规的总统，不会惧怕任何规则、机构、甚至宪法原则。
If he meant it, the long-term damage to American democracy could be incalculable. Yet the thrice-married Mr Trump is nothing if not nimble. He can alter his stance with the same alacrity as he drops negotiating positions with creditors. The only thread is promotion of the Trump brand.Beyond that, does he have a core philosophy?
如果此话当真，美国的民主制度可能遭受无法估量的长期损害。不过，结过3次婚的特朗普极其滑头。他可以敏捷地改变立场，就像他在与债权人谈判时善于放弃谈判立场那样。唯一不变的主线是推广特朗普这个品牌。除此之外，他有任何核心理念吗？
长难句25~26
语法和长难句25【真题例句】The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. (2001-3-1)
句子结构：
known as the journalism credibility project。过去分词短语做定语，修饰self-analysis。
高频词：
organization，组织。
credibility，信任。
该组织正在深入进行一项长期的自我分析，即新闻公信力项目。
语法和长难句26【真题例句】Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. (2001-3-7)
and连接两个宾语lots of symposiums 和 a credibility project。
dedicated引导过去分词短语做定语。
and连接annoyed和fleeing。
高频词：
credibility，信任。
project，项目。
dedicate，贡献。
annoy，激怒。
然后，它赞助了许多研讨会和一个信誉项目，致力于探究为什么顾客会感到恼火，为什么会有这么多人逃离。
备注：全篇博客翻译不一定准确，如需高质量的翻译，请自行上网查
长难句27~36
语法和长难句27【真题例句】 Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. (1997-3-1)
句子结构：
believe后面省略了that。
taken引导过去分词短语做定语。
高频词：
refer to，指。
illegal，非法的。
drug，药品、毒品。
许多人错误地认为，“药物”一词仅指某些药物或吸毒者服用的非法化学品。
语法和长难句28【真题例句】First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. (1997-3-2)
句子结构：taken in excess是过去分词短语做定语。
高频词：
substance，物质。
negative，消极的。
intense，集中的。
首先，大多数过量使用的物质都会产生负面影响，如中毒或强烈的知觉扭曲。
语法和长难句29【真题例句】 Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. (1997-5-1)
句子结构：used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做定语。
such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes解释和说明much of language。
it指代monetary policy。
高频词：
describe，描绘。
policy，政策。
precise，精确的。
有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"操纵经济软着陆"或"轻踩刹车”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。
语法和长难句30，【真题例句】Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. (1997-2-1)
使用了so…that…结构，其中made so frequently是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的observation。
高频词：
observation，观察。
frequently，频繁地。
deserve，值得。
comment，评论。
然而，这个观察结果出现得如此频繁，值得对它进行一番评论。
语法和长难句31【真题例句】One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. (2004-2-4) 句子结构：
dreamt引导过去分词短语做定语。enjoyed引导过去分词短语做定语。
the alphabetically disadvantaged，姓名排在英文字母表后面的人。
高频词：
spare time，业余时间。
姓氏排在字母表后半部分的人在享受闲暇时凭空想出一套理论，说这种糟糕的情况其实很早就开始了。
语法和长难句32【真题例句】Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. (2001-3-2)
句子结构：
combined引导过去分词短语做定语，修饰findings。
what in the world those readers really want在这个世界中那些读者真正想要什么。
高频词：
project，项目。
turn out，证明是。
error，错误。
grammar，语法。
遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划大多只获得了一些肤浅的发现——事实错误和拼写或语法错误，与之交织在一起的还有众多令人挠头的困惑，也就是读者到底想读些什么。
语法和长难句33【真题例句】Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. (1998-5-2)
句子结构：
anchored in the deeper layers of the earth 是过去分词短语，做定语。
needed是过去分词短语，做定语修饰instruments。
高频词：
measure，测量。
instrument，设备。
resolve，解决。
固定在地球更深层的热区提供了解决该问题所需的“测量仪器”。
语法和长难句34，【真题例句】Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. (2007-2-4)
句子结构：
necessary to succeed in school and in life形容词短语做定语。
高频词：
standardized，标准的。
assess，评估。
element，因素。
Robert J. Sternberg提出，这样的标准测试不可能能评估在学校和生活中取得成功的重要的必然因素。
语法和长难句35【真题例句】For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious. “ (2000-5-2)
句子结构：此句子结构无规律。
高频词：
proper，正确的。
avoid，逃避。
对于这类人以及更多或许不那么杰出的人来说，恰当的表述是:“不惜一切代价取得成功，但不要让人觉得自己雄心勃勃。
语法和长难句36[真题例句 ]More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. (2001-2-2)
句子结构：
afraid their countries will be left behind是分隔原则，把主语和谓语分开了，afraid是形容词，后面省略了that。
高频词：
spread，扩展，扩散。
access，得到。
越来越多的政府担心自己的国家会落后，想要普及互联网接入。
长难句37~42
语法和长难句37【真题例句】Curiously，some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. (2001-5-2)
句子结构：in what the Americans term "downshifting"是介词短语做定语。
高频词：
turn into，转变成为。
absolute，绝对的。
奇怪的是，当我在大约两年半的时间里完成了两部小说之后，我的这种被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的尝试已经将我那老掉牙的借口转化成了现实。
语法和长难句38【真题例句】 Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (2002-1-2)
句子结构：
which引导定语从句修饰example，并且把example和of a story 分开了。
which是挂钩词，挂在story之上。
高频词：
convention，会议。
work，发挥作用。
audience，听众。
share，共享。
view，观点。
这里有一个故事可以作为例子，它是我在一个护士大会上听来的，它的效果很好，因为听众对医生的看法都是一样的。
语法和长难句39【真题例句】And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. (2007-1-4)
句子结构：
Ericsson determined，应该放在句首。
to learn how to encode information meaningfully是动词不定式，做定语。
known as deliberate practice是过去分词短语做定语。
高频词：
encode，编码。
determine，决定（这里面引申为「坚定地说」）。
process，过程。
delibrate，故意的，有意的。
埃里克森坚信，学会如何进行有意义的信息编码的最佳途径是一个得以称为“刻意练习”的过程。
语法和长难句40【真题例句】No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science： exceptions can be found to any rule. (2001-1-2)
句子结构：
can be 被动句。
高频词：
distinction，差异。
professional，职业人士；职业的。
exception，例外。
rule，规则。
在科学领域内，专业人员和业余爱好者之间没有绝对的区分：任何规则都有例外。
语法和长难句41【真题例句】A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. (2001-2-1)
句子结构：
破折号后面的名词短语解释前面的名词，division。
高频词：
attention，主意力。
so-called，所谓的。
digital，数字的。
今天，人们对所谓的数字鸿沟给予了极大的关注，即把世界划分为信息富裕和信息贫穷两部分。
语法和长难句42[真题例句】 Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. (2002-3-3)
句子结构：
to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s是动词不定式短语做定语。
高频词：
economic，经济的。
consequence，后果。
severe，严重的。
然而，我们有充分的理由预期，现在的经济结果不会像上世纪70年代那么严重。
2016 FT年度人物（入围）
Angela Merkel/德国总理默克尔FT年度人物入围人选之一：有呼声要求这位德国女总理接过美国总统奥巴马的角色，成为西方世界的领袖。
For German chancellor Angela Merkel, 2016 was another dramatic year that put her centre stage in global affairs and left her facing calls to take over outgoing US President Barack Obama’s mantle as the leader of the western world.
对于德国总理安格拉·默克尔而言，2016年又是惊心动魄的一年，她被推上了全球事务的中央舞台，同时呼声四起，要求她接过即将离任的美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马的担子，成为西方世界的领袖。
While Ms Merkel dismissed such demands as “absurd”, she has recognised that the populist Donald Trump’s election to the White House has added to her huge responsibilities. Any thought that, after three terms in power, she might retire at 62 has been swept away: she has decided to stand again in next year’s parliamentary elections.
默克尔并不响应这种呼声，斥之为“荒唐”，但她已经意识到，民粹主义者唐纳德·特朗普当选美国总统后，她肩上的担子更重了。人们原本以为，在当了三任总理后，她可能在62岁退休。如今这种想法已经烟消云散，因为她已决定明年再次参加议会选举。
And she has made clear that she has far more than Germany on her mind—pledging to carry on the fight for liberal democracy, free trade and open societies even as rightwing populists are heading in a different direction.This promise alone was enough to make Ms Merkel the FT’s Person of the Year for 2015, a leading contender for this year and will almost certainly put her in the running for 2017.
而且她明确表示，她心中所着想的绝不止是德国——她承诺继续为自由民主、自由贸易和开放社会而战，即便右翼民粹主义者正冲着不同的方向去了。这一承诺就足以让默克尔成为了英国《金融时报》2015年年度人物、2016年这一称号的有力争夺者，也几乎肯定会让她在2017年入围。