Computer Organization
【introduction】
[ Case1 ] to calculate the composition is concerned, in the present computer systems are commonly employed von Neumann computer system - that is, five components of the standard : controller, memory, a calculator, Io ( input and output devices device ), designed in this mode the moment the computer are often employed, of course, other computer architectures, such as Harvard architecture, the computer system of this instruction memory in control memory means is carried out separately, unlike that is, the memory is a fixed element encapsulated in a von Neumann system, imagine if you have a computer using the Harvard architecture, wherein the instruction memory and data memory are carried out separately, then it is assumed you perform such an operation: 1 + 1 = ?
1. Type from the input device 1 , when the computer receives an external interrupt from the keyboard (protection field, in response to the interrupt, the interrupt service routine returns to the breakpoint), save the current execution state, and cpu response current interrupt, reads a memory similar to type 1 + 1 .
2. When Type " = " when the computer is quite issued an instruction (an operation code), the composition will be reviewed later instruction, but the instruction is stored in the instruction memory, data memory to the data operation, and returns to the data memory among the storage unit, to make cpu 's ALU a " + " operation, which requires the bus (command) ----- ----- the cPU ( data memory ) connected together, naturally Recalling the concept bus
[ DEF ] bus
Bus is a functional component data transmission between the computer functional parts, (refer to baidu defined) was added to the computer as a whole is concerned than a city, then the bus is in the city roads, and the data between the various components the equivalent of car.
NATURAL Harvard architecture using a computer after the instruction memory and the memory function as well as cpu between the ALU is connected via a bus, configured here emphasize instruction, depending on the instruction length of instruction code forms, but there is no doubt It is preceded OP (instruction operation code) ------ limited discussion of von Neumann system
Returning to the discussion above to:
When the cpu through the bus, the instructions and data are stored into the cpu registers within the time, according to the OP implied operation (failure to understand instructions encoded Harvard architecture system, but in the process there will be in the instruction encoding similar OP of Representative of the action part of the coding, here assumed to be the oP ) after operation, and then back through the bus and the data stored in the memory (i.e. memory 2 )
Displayed via the output device.
Computer systems and calculated the relationship between the composition, subtle design between the two, the computer system discussed above to determine the distribution between the computer hardware level, while the limit between the computer hardware, in turn, determines the composition of your the real problem on the computer system design can be achieved.
【case2】
In terms of the current development of the computer, more and more under the influence of accelerating the speed of Moore's law makes failure soon, this time to consider the hardware quantum field after breakthrough, or from a mathematical point of design algorithms to bypass the hardware breakthrough. (For example to quantum coding, quantum bit. Since this bit processing relationship is not linear processing process is exponential, in general naturally be faster bit)
Consider in terms of the overall computing environment, mainly by the two major components - hardware and software, the software part can be divided into non-network software and network software (individual materials division and unrelated), software ( App ) , also called applications, network program running on the Internet, and on the nature of the Internet, the Internet is between between hosts and servers as well as individual users send and receive data and sharing network, around this theme, the network program is data communication (on the easiest process between the network socket communication between the socket), playing one of the most simple analogy:
If you are playing a GAME , virtual reality games, and users around the world you are in a scene, and this scene and transmitted from the server to your device appear in your field of vision, this transmission is persistent (because you may operate some action in this game), then a good fast transmission network can provide you with a better gaming experience, for example, you have a bad network transmission speed, then your vision of the characters may get stuck Dayton, dropped frames, because this is the timeliness of the data transceiver is not the reason. The concept involves the transmission speed, it is not just the relationship between the software itself, which returned to the existence of such a relationship between the process may come up, software and hardware hardware:
Hardware decided to run the software (computer), and a good software if the algorithm level optimization is better, so also reduce the burden on hardware.
[ Case3 ] concludes with a discussion about the relationship between programming languages? (High-level language, assembly language, machine language)
To cite a few practical examples:
1. The high-level language: c, C ++, Python , the Java ....... all
2. Assembly: a group of letters, similar to LOAD this instruction, personally feel that kind of feeling playing logic
3. machine language: Due to the problem of the earliest computer code, people in the design of the computer all the time using the 0 , 1 digital encode, this is very good, for example, you write code that others can not read, However, due to the design of the bottom, to ensure the implementation of mechanization will reduce the error rate of the computer.
The development process is this: the machine - Compilation - Advanced development process. \
Introduction to the review is probably the case. . . . . . . . .
Discussed above with respect to the Harvard system might have a problem. Thank big brother said.