Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

About Linux
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system collectively. Linux operating system kernel is also the name "Linux". Linux operating system is free software and open source development in the most famous example. Strictly speaking, the word Linux itself, said Linux kernel, but in practice it has been used to describe the entire use Linux based on Linux kernel, the GNU Project and the use of various tools and database operating system. Linux gets its name from hobbyist Linus Torvalds.
Linux is now quite popular in the industry of a server, and today we will explain in detail the Linux installation procedures and optimization after installation.
Linux Installation
Installing Linux First we need to download Linux.
Download: http://m.xitongzhijia.net/channel/233/
First we need to open VMware to create a new virtual machine.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

Next will pop up a new virtual machine setup wizard, let us configure a new virtual machine. First, we choose to select custom configuration, then proceed to the next step.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

In order to prevent this step because later versions can not be compatible with the emergence of BUG, ​​so here we select the latest compatible version.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

This step requires us to choose which method to install the system to choose from, where we are not the first choice, and other virtual machine configuration after the completion of system installation.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

As the last step we chose to install it later, so the system does not recognize what we're going to install the system, where we need to be manually selected.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

After this step we want to be installed on the virtual machine name, and select the installation path, the path when we choose to install the best new single folder to put the virtual machine, so you can help us in the future without the need to facilitate the virtual machine delete. The last important point is to do the installation path do not appear in Chinese.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

On the number of processors we choose to take into account the configuration of the host to select, but fortunately Linux is not a resource-core processor is enough.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

在为虚拟机配置内存时同样要考虑到宿主机的配置,这里我们一般推荐2GB就已经足够了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

网络配置时我们选择与主机共享IP,因为虚拟机也是单独存在的,也是需要通过网络与外界沟通。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

在I/O接口方面我们选择安装向导推荐的即可。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这里是要我们所要安装的磁盘类型进行选择,这里我们选择安装向导推荐的SCSI即可。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这是我们新建立的虚拟机所以在磁盘选择上我们选择创建新的虚拟磁盘。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

创立完磁盘后就所需要给磁盘一个容量了,为了保证后期虚拟机的内存足够使用,这里我们给它40G的内存。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

毕竟只是虚拟的磁盘我们还要有对虚拟磁盘的储存路径,这里推荐与虚拟机所在的文件夹储存在一起方便管理。同样需要注意安装路径中不要出现中文。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这时我们对虚拟机的基本配置就完成了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来就需要我们对硬件的一些优化和配置了。首先我们声卡和打印机这两样不需要的硬件从虚拟机中移除,防止占用不必要的资源。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来就是对安装前进行的最后一步操作了,把系统的安装路径放在虚拟机的光驱中。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

之后就可以对系统进行安装了,首先我们打开VMware的首页开启刚刚安装好的虚拟机。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

启动虚拟机后就会弹出如下界面,这里我们选择第一个进行系统的安装。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

系统安装开始后就会弹出如下窗口让我们对系统进行简单的配置。首先我们需要把系统的语言改为中文。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来我们要对软件选择进行修改,因为我们还处于初学者阶段,但最小安装的选项之后所有的东西还需要我们重新自己配置和安装所以并不适合我们。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

再重新选择时我们选择桌面选项,选完之后我们点击完成。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来我们需要对磁盘进行分区了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

点进去之后我们选择我要配置分区,之后点击完成。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

之后就会弹出手动分区的界面,这里我们选择添加新挂载点进行磁盘分区。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

首先我们要添加的第一个也是Linux最重要的一个挂载点/(根挂载点),并给它一个合适的内存容量。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

下一步我们要添加的挂载点是虚拟磁盘。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

第三个要添加的挂载点就是我们系统的启动分区,用于储存我们系统的启动项。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

最后我们要添加的就是我们的家目录挂载点,用于储存我们的用户等信息。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

磁盘分区配置完成后我们点击完成。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

紧接着就会弹出如下窗口,然后我们选择接受就可以完成磁盘的分区并退出当前界面了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

其他的就没什么我们需要配置的了,我们就可以点击开始安装了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

之后我们进入用户设置界面,点击root密码对管理员进行密码设置。之后系统就开始安装了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

当Centos安装完成我们还需要重启对刚才的配置进行激活。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

重启后我们会进入系统的初始设置,首先我们要完成的就是安装系统所要同意的协议。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

下面我们还需给对系统创建一个全新的用户。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

在这个页面我们需要对用户名和用户密码进行设置。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来我们的操作要求高权限所以在这里我们选择管理员用户root。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

由于是第一次登陆,所以我们还需要操作语言进行选择·,当然这里当然选择汉语。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这里的窗口需要我们选择键盘布局或者其他输入方式,我们同样选择键盘布局。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这里是询问我们是否使用这些软件账号进行登录,这里我并没有账号所以选择跳过,对我们正常使用Linux并没有影响。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

点击开始使用我们就正式进入Linux的操作界面了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

进入Linux之后我们会发现,即使虚拟机我们的网络适配器选择了NAT模式,但是却仍然无法上网。这是我们就要对Linux的网络配置进行优化了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

右击桌面进入终端模式。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

进入终端模式之后输入命令“vim /ect/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33”找到虚拟网卡所在的位置。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

进入网卡所在的位置时后我们发现我们并做不了修改,这时是我们点击“i”
尽可以修改想要修改的内容了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这时我们将最后的“no”改为“yes”,修改完成后我们的虚拟机就可以连接到网络了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这是我们修改完成想要保存并退出,就可以在界面中输入“:wq”就可以保存并退出了。其中“w”是保存,“q”是退出。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

修改完成后我们还需要对网络服务进行重启才可以使修改结果生效。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

这时我们再查询一下虚拟机的IP地址,需要注意的是Linux查询IP的命令与Windows系统不同,Linux的命令是“ifconfig”。查询之后我们发现虚拟机已经拥有IP地址了,理论上应该是可以访问网络了。但是真实情况还需要我们去验证一下。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

经过我们验证确认修改之后的虚拟机的确可以访问网络了。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

Xshell的远程操作
在现实情况中我们可能由于种种原因无法对服务器进行直接操作,所以这时就需要我们学会远程操控服务器了。这里我们选择的远程操作工具是Xshell。

Xshell [1] 是一个强大的安全终端模拟软件,它支持SSH1, SSH2, 以及Microsoft Windows 平台的TELNET 协议。Xshell 通过互联网到远程主机的安全连接以及它创新性的设计和特色帮助用户在复杂的网络环境中享受他们的工作。
Xshell可以在Windows界面下用来访问远端不同系统下的服务器,从而比较好的达到远程控制终端的目的。除此之外,其还有丰富的外观配色方案以及样式选择。

xshell的安装只需要跟着安装向导点击下一步即可,这里我们就不做详细介绍了。
使用xshell远程连接服务器

首先我们点开xshell选择新建会话。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

进入新建会话之后我们还要对它的一些属性进行修改,首先就要输入所要连接的服务器的名字及其IP地址,方便我们找到此服务器。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

接下来我们要对终端进行优化,首先是编码类型一定要选择UTF-8,这里我们直接选择默认模式即可。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

写下来是对键盘的优化,为了防止使用时出现乱码这里我们两边都选择ASCLL.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

下面我们还要对外观进行优化,首先是配色方案我们选择自己的喜好即可,之后就是字体格式了,字体格式我们选择Consolas,可以帮助我们区分中英文的标点符号,字体大小则是适合自己即可。
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

Then we have a new session configuration is complete, click on the link and then the following window will pop up, where we choose to accept and store, so next time we re-connection is not needed once again enter the secret key.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

Then the following window will pop up, we need to enter the server you want to connect a user name and password, enter the complete name of the user must remember to check the machine password, so next time we connect this device can be connected directly.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

At this point we can enter the interface xshell, we will find that at this time xshell user interface and terminal interface is the same as our server.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

Then we enter in the user interface xshell the "ifconfig", we will find that we can also be found in the IP address of the virtual machine, and the server has been explained xshell indirect successful.
Linux (Centos-7 64-bit) configuration, and detailed installation and remote control Xshell

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