In the internal network environment, we cannot connect to the external network. If we want to use zabbix at this time, we need to install it offline.
There are three ways to install and deploy Zabbix:
The first is to use source code installation , the second is to use RPM package installation , and the third is to use container deployment . What we are talking about here is RPM package installation.
You can download the package online yourself, or you can use the RPM installation package I have prepared.
Table of contents
1. Prepare the installation package required for zabbix on your own computer virtual machine
1. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
2. Install the rpm source of zabbix
3. Download the required installation package for zabbix
1. Download zabbix service and agent packages
2. Download Red Hat Software Collections: to facilitate the installation of higher versions of php.
3. Download the Zabbix front-end web software package.
4. Download the mysql database:
5. Create a local yum repository
2. Install zabbix offline in the intranet environment
2. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
3. Local yum warehouse configuration
1. Install zabbix server, agent, Software Collections and mysql database.
2. Install zabbix front-end web.
4. Initialize the database and set the database login password
5. Enter the database and create the zabbix database
6. Import initial schema and data
7. Modify the zabbix_server.conf configuration file
8. Modify the php configuration file of zabbix
9. Start the Zabbix server and agent processes and set them to start automatically at boot
10. Configure Zabbix front-end-web interface installation
1. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
2. Upload the zabbix-agent installation package to /tmp
6. Front-end-web interface added
2. Zabbix front-end interface configuration operation
2. Create a new application set
3. Create new monitoring items
6. Check whether it is successful
2. Add SMS alarm media to the zabbix operation interface;
3. Add SMS alarm method for designated users;
4. Set when the action will send SMS alarm;
1. Prepare the installation package required for zabbix on your own computer virtual machine
1. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
#关闭防火墙并设置开机不启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#关闭SElinux安全模式
setenforce 0
#设置永久关闭selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
#修改SELINUX：
SELINUX=disabled
#重启生效
reboot
2. Install the rpm source of zabbix
#使用国内镜像源——阿里云源
rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
#更改使用国内镜像源
sed -i 's#http://repo.zabbix.com#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix#' /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
#清除所有缓存
yum clean all
3. Download the required installation package for zabbix
Use the yum --downloadonly command to only download the rpm package without installing it and caching it.
1. Download zabbix service and agent packages
yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-agent --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/offline_rpm
#如报没有downloadonly功能，下载即可
yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly
2. Download Red Hat Software Collections: to facilitate the installation of higher versions of php.
yum install centos-release-scl --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/offline_rpm
#安装 Software Collections。
yum install centos-release-scl -y
#将[zabbix-frontend]下的 enabled 改为 1.
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
3. Download the Zabbix front-end web software package.
yum install zabbix-web-mysql-scl zabbix-apache-conf-scl --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/offline_rpm4. Download the mysql database:
yum install mariadb-server.x86_64 --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/offline_rpm5. Create a local yum repository
Use createrepo to create the repository warehouse. If there is no such command in the system, you need to install createrepo first.
yum install createrepo -y# 使用createrepo来创建repository仓库
createrepo /tmp/offline_rpm
#到存储目录下
cd /tmp/offline_rpm/
#查看是否有repodata这个文件夹，有就是创建成功了
ls
2. Install zabbix offline in the intranet environment
Copy all the offline_rpm folders of /tmp/offline_rpm into the /tmp directory on the zabbix server prepared on the intranet .
1. Zabbix server preparation
1. Configure the host name
hostnamectl set-hostname zabbix-server
bash
2. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
#关闭防火墙并设置开机不启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#关闭SElinux安全模式
setenforce 0
#设置永久关闭selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
#修改SELINUX：
SELINUX=disabled
#重启生效
reboot2. Back up system YUM source
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
#创建备份文件夹
mkdir bak
#所有的repo文件移动到bak下
mv *.repo bak
3. Local yum warehouse configuration
1. Create a new repo file under /etc/yum.repos.d/.
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/new.repo
2. Write the following content.
[New]
name=New
baseurl=file:///tmp/offline_rpm
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
yum clean all
4. Start installing zabbix
1. Install zabbix server, agent, Software Collections and mysql database.
Because there are packages in the configured yum warehouse, you can install them directly with the command
yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-agent -y
yum install centos-release-scl -y
yum -y install mariadb-server.x86_64 After installing zabbix server, agent and Software Collections, two new .repo files will be generated under /etc/yum.repos.d and moved to bak.
ls
mv CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo bak
ls
Note: If you do not move it, the following error will be reported
Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: centos-sclo-rh/x86_642. Install zabbix front-end web.
yum install zabbix-web-mysql-scl zabbix-apache-conf-scl -y3. Configure database
#启动
systemctl start mariadb
#设置开机自启动
systemctl enable mariadb
#查看
systemctl status mariadb
4. Initialize the database and set the database login password
mysql_secure_installation[root@zabbix-servre yum.repos.d]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): #此处直接回车
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
8、创建zabbix数据库。
Set root password? [Y/n] y ＃此处y
New password: #输入密码
Re-enter new password: #再次输入密码
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ＃此处y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n ＃此处n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y ＃此处y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ＃此处y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@zabbix-servre yum.repos.d]#5. Enter the database and create the zabbix database
Note: Set the encoding format to utf-8.
#进入数据库
mysql -u root -p
#创建数据库
create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
#创建用户(注意修改password，这是之前初始化输入的密码)
create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'password';
#授权
grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
#修改生效
flush privileges;
#退出
quit;
6. Import initial schema and data
You will be prompted for your password.
zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix7. Modify the zabbix_server.conf configuration file
#为zabbix server配置数据库
#修改内容
#DBPassword=password(你之前输的密码)
vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 
8. Modify the php configuration file of zabbix
#修改内容
#将注释;去掉，并修改为
#php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
vi /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf
9. Start the Zabbix server and agent processes and set them to start automatically at boot
#启动
systemctl start zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
#设置开机自启动
systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
#查看
systemctl status zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm10. Configure Zabbix front-end-web interface installation
Connect to Zabbix front end: http://IP/zabbix
Check all conditions
Configure database information
Server basic information
Confirm information
The installation is complete
Log in to the front-end page: system default username and password Admin/zabbix (note case)
Modify to Chinese
5. Add client zabbix-agent
1. Turn off the firewall and SELINUX safe mode
#关闭防火墙并设置开机不启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
#关闭SElinux安全模式
setenforce 0
#设置永久关闭selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
#修改SELINUX：
SELINUX=disabled
#重启生效
reboot2. Upload the zabbix-agent installation package to /tmp
It was previously in the offline_rpm folder
3. Install zabbix-agent
cd to the directory where the files are stored to install
cd /tmp
#查看
ls
#安装
yum install zabbix-agent-5.0.32-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
4. Configure zabbix-agent
vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
修改内容如下
# zabbix 服务端地址
Server=192.168.222.23
# zabbix活动服务器地址
ServerActive=192.168.222.23
# 主机名，也就是要监控的那台主机名,在web页面添加主机时需设置相同
Hostname=zabbix-agent5. Start zabbix-agent
#启动
systemctl start zabbix-agent
#设置开机自启动
systemctl enable zabbix-agent
#查看
systemctl status zabbix-agent6. Front-end-web interface added
Check whether the monitored host is connected and whether the status is normal
If the following error is reported, just wait 10 minutes. This means that the normal running time of the customer service side is less than 10 minutes.
3. Customized monitoring
1. Script writing
1. Create a new script in the directory where the zabbix-agent of the IP that needs to be monitored stores the script.
#进入/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf查看自定义脚本存放路径
vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
#脚本要以.conf 结尾
#Include后面跟着的路径就是自定义脚本存放路径
cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
#创建一个新脚本,key很重要(就是命名)，要记得，最好取容易看出是什么意思的
#脚本格式:UserParameter=<key>,<shell command>
#df -h|grep '/dev/mapper/centos-root'|awk '{print $5}'|awk -F "%" '{print $1}' 这个是查看内存还有百分之多少的
#样列:UserParameter=memory,df -h|grep '/dev/mapper/centos-root'|awk '{print $5}'|awk -F "%" '{print $1}'
#脚本得出的结果就是要监控的数据
vi memory.conf
#新脚本创建后，要重启zabbix-agent服务才生效
#前往服务端使用命令查看是否成功 命令自行修改
#呢此命令要安装zabbix_get才能使用
yum -y install zabbix-get-3.2.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
#如果安装失败，可在外网下载个zabbix-get安装包后上传到内网安装(或用我网盘包里zabbix-get,解压后搜索找到上传安装即可)
zabbix_get -s 客户端ip -p 10050 -k "key值"
Common parameters of zabbix_get command:
| -s | Specify client hostname or IP |
|---|---|
| -p | Client port, default: 10050 |
| -I | Specify source IP |
| -k | The key you want to get |
2. Zabbix front-end interface configuration operation
1. Create a new template
If you already have the required template, you can skip it.
If you already have a template, but you still need to add some functional items, you can choose to link the template. I will not demonstrate it here and make no selection.
2. Create a new application set
An application set represents a type of monitoring item. If it already exists, you do not need to create a new one.
3. Create new monitoring items
Items that require customized monitoring
4. Create a new trigger
If there is no alarm requirement, no trigger can be set
5. Apply templates
After the template is applied, subsequent application sets, monitoring items, and triggers will be added to the host. If you don't want to use any of them, just go to the host and deactivate them.
6. Check whether it is successful
4. Information alarm
1. Script addition
#查看zabbix_server配置文件zabbix_server.conf，确认信息报警脚本位置
vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
#AlertScriptsPath参数的路径为脚本路径，如果没有自行创建
I use python to call this, or you can use shell to call it (if there is no SMS interface, you can use DingTalk robot to send alarm information, the tutorial is on Baidu)
#到该路径下
cd /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/
#创建脚本
vi sms.py
#----python告警脚本（post）
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import json
import sys
import requests
url = 'api地址信息'
post_headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
post_data = {
"moban":"gj",
"num":sys.argv[1],
#"first":sys.argv[2],
"keyword1":"信息",
"remark":sys.argv[3],
"people":"key值"
}
ret = requests.post(url, data = json.dumps(post_data), headers = post_headers)
print(ret.text)#设置脚本和日志文件权限
touch /tmp/SMS.log
chown zabbix:zabbix /tmp/SMS.log
chown zabbix:zabbix /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/sms.py
chmod +x /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/sms.py2. Add SMS alarm media to the zabbix operation interface;
Call script to send text message
There are message templates in Zabbix. Pay attention to the format. If a large string of characters is reported, please try typing the SMS template by hand instead of pasting it.
This provides two templates
##告警
主机名称:{HOST.NAME}
IP地址:{HOST.IP}
告警时间:{EVENT.DATE}{EVENT.TIME}
告警信息:{TRIGGER.NAME}
告警级别:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}
检查项:{TRIGGER.KEY1}
当前状态:{TRIGGER.STATUS}
值={ITEM.LASTVALUE}
故障已持续{EVENT.AGE}
##恢复
主机名称:{HOST.NAME}
IP地址:{HOST.IP}
告警时间:{EVENT.DATE}{EVENT.TIME}
恢复时间:{EVENT.RECOVERY.DATE}{EVENT.RECOVERY.TIME}
故障时长:{EVENT.AGE}
告警信息:{TRIGGER.NAME}
告警级别:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}
检查项:{TRIGGER.KEY1}
当前状态:{TRIGGER.STATUS}
值={ITEM.VALUE}test
3. Add SMS alarm method for designated users;
Take the administrator "admin" user as an example
4. Set when the action will send SMS alarm;
5. Test
Add a new IP login number monitoring and trigger. For each additional remote control interface, there will be one more user number.
Script content
#查看有多少个连接数
UserParameter=user_sum,who |wc -l
To add custom monitoring items, just follow the previous tutorial.
Make it update every 10 seconds to facilitate testing
If it is greater than or equal to 6, it will alarm. If it is less than 6, it will not alarm. It will return to normal.
After doing it, test whether it is successful by yourself (you need to add this alarm in the action)