[Record] Newly add SSD to notebook, reinstall system win10, and then install dual system ubuntu18.04

I. Introduction

Note down, because pretending is too troublesome, record it

I am going to be a graduate student soon, and the 1t HDD that comes with the computer is too stuck, so I want to change to a solid state. I learned from the Internet that my model also has an M.2 socket, so I installed an SSD, and then installed the win system on the SSD, and installed ubuntu on it. on HHD.

Later, I hated the loud sound of HHD, bought another SSD, and replaced the HHD, so I reinstalled the system twice, and the computer installed up to 4 systems at the same time, and I was tired of smiling ORZ

2. Replace the SSD

first! It is not recommended to do it if the warranty period has not expired, and disassembly is not guaranteed

Then, look at the configuration of your computer and what can be expanded, you can use Master Lu (may not be allowed), check online

My notebook has an m2 interface, and an optical drive (you can use the optical drive bay to add a hard disk), and you can add a piece of 8G memory (I haven’t added it without money, (╥╯^╰╥))

Finally, you need to understand some M.2, PCI-E, NVMe

After plugging in the hard disk, search for disk management, open the disk xxxxx with a very long name, and connect the hard disk

3. Install Windows

Note that I have a system, and then installed it on a new hard disk. I
encountered a problem. The system drive letter is not C. When I changed it later, the computer screen went black. I suggest you think about it yourself.

Read more here, it is my thoughts and supplements, the outside is copy and paste from other tutorials I read

1. Install the system

1. Download the image ISO from the official website
https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/software-download/windows10

2. Enter the sourese folder , find the setup, and double-click to open it.

The one in sourese is the installation, and the one outside is the update

3. During the installation process, you will be asked where to install the system. When selecting SSD, please do not format it, [directly point to the unallocated point and click Next]. If you have already partitioned the hard disk and cannot find unallocated, please delete the partition.

There is no partition or unallocated, so format & add a new volume first === lead to consequences: the name of the system disk is not c,
can you change the drive letter of the original system first, and then install the system to the C drive?
Or just format without assigning a drive letter, and then assign a drive letter after the system is installed and the previous system is deleted?
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The above is a guess, because I have no chance to experiment, and friends who have the results of the experiment can tell me

4. Restart directly after the installation is complete

5. Copy the original efi to the new hard disk

EasyUEFI Personal Edition is free and can be downloaded from the official website or friend link: http://www.easyuefi.com/index-cn.html, after downloading, double-click to run the installation,

Directly use uefi to rebuild the boot, need to partition fat32 first?
I am actually quite confused about the role of EasyUEFI. I don’t deny that it has the function of creating a new boot, but if you don’t use it to build it, will you not bring the boot after the system is installed? Doubt
, but it may be booted on the original hard disk (behind the boot of the original system),
so here we do this:
first create a new 200MB fat32 partition on the new hard disk, it is best not to assign a drive letter, otherwise you will always see it later, and the CDE disk For the side-by-side ones, let it be hidden quietly.
Then use EasyUEFI to copy the original boot partition to the fat32 partition
and then use EasyUEFI to create a new boot item. If conditions permit, you can remove the old hard disk, and then it can boot normally. The system is installed

2. Delete redundant system

1. Directly format the hard disk, the system is gone, but you still have to choose

If you don't check the quick format, it will be very slow

2. Go to the msconfig system configuration and delete the redundant system in the boot

3. Delete redundant efi partition

Use EasyUEFI to delete directly, and check if it is empty in the disk management. You
can download AOMEI Partition Assistant, which is very useful for deleting hard disk partitions (it was originally used to migrate the system, but the migration was not successful)

3. Encountered a problem: unable to shut down

In the power setting, turn off the fast startup.
Although it is turned off, it is still very fast. SSDyyds
installs Ubuntu to turn off fast startup and safe startup.

4. Change the registry, can not boot, black screen with a mouse

Because I want to change the drive letter, I moved the registry, and then after booting, there is a black screen with a mouse.
Before changing the registry, first create a restore point! ! ! ! Fortunately, I just updated the system, and then the system update automatically creates a restore point.
Press F8 before booting up, and
look for system restore
after booting. It will not delete the software files installed later.

3. Install ubuntu

Reference: Ubuntu Installation Basic Tutorial

1. Partition
A 5g fat32, put the image after decompression (the capacity is not enough, you can give it 4g, the image is only 3.2g after decompression)
one as large as possible, put Ubuntu

5g is too extravagant. My new SSD is only 128g. I thought it would be more than enough to use ubuntu, but now I find that I may be too naive. I only used it for less than a month, and it is much better. I am afraid

2. Download the image
and decompress it to 5g fat32

3. Guide

Here I later found out that the decompressed image comes with a startup item named UEFI OS. If you start it with it, you will enter the initial interface of ubuntu (ask whether it is the try or install one), so I suspect that the new startup item here is just to
let People who do not know how to enter the BIOS can boot into the ubuntu system directly.
It is recommended to press f2 (ASUS) to enter the BIOS, select UEFI OS to start, and do not need to create a new startup item
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The above is also my guess, I suggest you try it, if you can tell me, it will not Just follow the steps below

Add startup items in uefi, put it first, otherwise press F2 to enter bios after booting, and manually select ubuntu

4. Turn off safe/fast boot,
quick boot is in power management,
safe boot is in BIOS, find it yourself

I vaguely remember that later I seemed to see that ubuntu already supports secure boot

5. Restart and install ubuntu

Install

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I didn’t manually partition this step for the first time, but the system was reinstalled after a few days of playing, so I don’t know the pros and cons.
When I installed ubuntu for the second time, I partitioned it. I saw some people say that the previous partition was due to the general hard disk capacity. Small, there is no need to partition now, I can decide for myself.
The suggestion is not to partition, because I did, hey, not
because the partition may be easy to operate, but it is difficult to understand. I am still dizzy now, I only know that it must What are the newly created ones and what are they used for? How big are the points, but I still feel that I don’t know anything.
If you want to partition, go to Baidu Baidu. , a bit messy

This is my partition: it is strongly not recommended to learn from me, because I am also blindly divided,
but there are some small suggestions, check whether swap is needed by yourself (vaguely remember: don’t use it if the memory is large)
/ directory is larger, I use it all Almost halfway.
Some people will say that the boot directory is needed, but in fact, uefi does not need boot, but efi (the one in the picture below is used to select FAT32, but it is related to efi)

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------------------------------------Look at this, it is best to Baidu https://blog.csdn. net/wfivenx/article/details/105753141

Install the boot device, press to the new hard disk or the specified location, the previous uefi can be deleted

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1. After installation, set root

https://blog.csdn.net/tfnmdmx/article/details/129767467?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

sudo passwd
# 设置root密码

2. Update source

There are many online users who use the command line to change files, you can use Baidu Baidu, I don’t know if it’s the same as this one.
Find the application software and update, then click the download from, choose other sites, and then you can automatically find the optimal site, but it’s a bit time-consuming

3. Time setting

Change UTC to CST:sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1

4.win and ubuntu shared access folder

I don’t remember clearly. When I installed ubuntu for the first time, ubuntu was installed on a disk with an assigned drive letter. Then ubuntu has no partitions. Both win system and ubuntu system can access all files?

Not sure here, because the first installed ubuntu only survived for a few days
Now think about it, it is normal for ubuntu to be able to access win files, but can win really access ubuntu?
Because I just saw it at the time...
I suddenly remembered that I could!
At that time, I tested it specially. I created a file in the share of ubuntu or on the desktop, and then both win and ubuntu can modify and access it!
suggest to try

5. Added Windows startup items to grub

https://blog.csdn.net/Shuimuxiaochao/article/details/129108383

vim /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Add

menuentry 'Windows 10' {
    
    
        set root='hd1,gpt1'	#注意引号
        chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
        boot
}

save updates

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

reboot

Okay, I hope you have successfully installed the system, pray~

If you want to see the beautification of ubuntu, you can leave a message, I will write it, and prepare for the next reinstallation of the system~