PMP learning key notes (project quality management)

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The connotation of quality management	Quality and Hierarchy (Juran's Theoretical Trilogy - Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Improvement, Quality Spiral Curve) High quality and high grade (high-end product) High Quality Low Grade (Popular) Low quality and high grade (people are stupid and have a lot of money) low quality low grade (low end) Quality Assurance: Focus on the process to ensure the product is qualified Quality management: including product involvement, quality assurance, and process improvement. ( Total quality management - all employees, the whole process, all-round quality management) Prevention: ensuring that no errors occur in the process (quality comes from prevention, not inspection) Checking: Ensuring that errors do not fall into the hands of customers Crosby Theory-The definition of zero defect management quality is to meet the pre-requirements ( consistency cost vs non-conformity cost ) Attribute sampling: such as qualified or unqualified, calculate the pass rate Variable Sampling: Placement of results on a continuous scale indicating degree of eligibility Six Sigma Management: (100,000 products are only 3.4 unqualified) treat all work as a process, that is, use DMAIC (determine, measure, analyze, improve, control) to improve the key processes of the organization.
Effectiveness of quality management level	Project quality management needs to take into account both project management and project deliverables. A culture of focus on quality - in planning and involvement - the correction process itself - checking before giving to the customer - letting the customer find the problem Capability Maturity Model CMMI (initial level, repeatable level, defined level , managed level, optimized level)
Quality Management Process	Planning quality quality (P-setting standards, setting methods) ( ISO9000 family standards, ISO eight basic principles ), output quality management plan , quality measurement indicators Manage quality (D- do quality, do quality according to the improvement plan; A- seek improvement), output quality reports, test and evaluation documents Control quality (C-see results, find deviations), output verified deliverables (unconditionally call back and do it again)
Quality Management Plan	Describe how applicable policies, procedures and guidelines are implemented to achieve quality standards.
Quality Measures	Describe the item or product attributes and how the control quality process will verify the degree of conformity.
Verified Deliverables	Deliverables (directing and managing project work) - Verified deliverables (controlling quality) - Accepted deliverables (confirming scope) - Final product, service or result (closing project phase)
Benchmarking	Copy-Borrow-Innovate
cost of quality	COQ (prevention-assessment-internal processing-delivery to customer) Conformance costs: prevention (training), evaluation costs (testing, review) Costs of inconsistency : internal failures (rework, scrap, extra inventory), external failures (warranty, lost business)
Cost-Benefit Analysis (Analysis of Alternatives)	Estimate the pros and cons of alternatives using financial analysis.
problem-finding techniques	Audit: A structured and independent process of whether project activities comply with the organization's and project's policies, processes, and procedures. Developed by a team outside the project. Testing (Product Evaluation): Finding bugs, defects, loopholes or other non-compliance issues in a product or service. Checklist: checklist Checklist: Used to rank items in order to efficiently collect useful data on potential quality issues (can provide data for Pareto charts)
Analytical Problem Technique	Root Cause Analysis: 5why method (appearance-root cause) discoverer/deliverer -> proposer of solution
Data Presentation Technology	Affinity Map, Mind Map: Clustering Flowchart: Steps (Requirements and Feedback Loop) Control chart: Determine whether the process is stable . If any point exceeds the control limit, the process is out of control ; if there are 7 consecutive points on the same side of the center line, the process is out of control. Products within the upper and lower limits of the specification are available, otherwise not available. Histogram: Shows the number of defects by source or component (ideal, eccentric, no-slack, capacity-slack, steep, not-slack) Pareto Chart: An icon that is arranged in order of importance. (Special histogram to catch the main contradiction) Matrix diagram: row and column element correlation Scatterplot: Shows the relationship between two variables Cause and effect diagrams, fishbone diagrams, why-why analysis diagrams, and Ishikawa diagrams: cause analysis and classification of causes are performance techniques of root cause analysis methods
problem solving techniques	面向X的设计DFX，其中X可以是产品开发的不同方面，例如可靠性、调配、装配、制造、成本、服务、质量、可用性、安全性和质量。 《问题日志》 定义问题（记录）-识别根本原因-生成解决方案-选择最佳方案-执行解决方案-验证方案有效性（关闭）