Hadoop不提供64位编译好的版本，只能用源码自行编译64位版本。学习一项技术从安装开始，学习hadoop要从编译开始。
1.操作系统编译环境
yum install cmake lzo-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake libtool ncurses-devel openssl-devel libXtst
2.安装JDK
下载JDK1.7，注意只能用1.7，否则编译会出错
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
tar zxvf jdk-7u75-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /app
export JAVA_HOME=/app/jdk1.7.0_75
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
3.安装protobuf
下载protobuf-2.5.0，不能用高版本，否则Hadoop编译不能通过
wget https://protobuf.googlecode.com/files/protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz
tar xvf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz
cd protobuf-2.5.0
./configure
make
make install
ldconfig
protoc --version
4.安装ANT
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/ant/binaries/apache-ant-1.9.4-bin.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-ant-1.9.4-bin.tar.gz -C /app
vi /etc/profile
export ANT_HOME=/app/apache-ant-1.9.4
PATH=$PATH:$ANT_HOME/bin
5.安装maven
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.3.1/binaries/apache-maven-3.3.1-bin.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-maven-3.3.1-bin.tar.gz -C /app
vi /etc/profile
export MAVEN_HOME=/app/apache-maven-3.3.1
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
修改配置文件
vi /app/apache-maven-3.3.1/conf/settings.xml
更改maven资料库，在<mirrors></mirros>里添加如下内容：
<mirror>
<id>nexus-osc</id>
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexusosc</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url>
</mirror>
在<profiles></profiles>内新添加
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.7</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.7</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>nexus</id>
<name>local private nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>nexus</id>
<name>local private nexus</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</profile>
6.安装findbugs（非必须）
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/findbugs/findbugs-3.0.1.tar.gz?download
tar zxvf findbugs-3.0.1.tar.gz -C /app
vi /etc/profile
export FINDBUGS_HOME=/app/findbugs-3.0.1
PATH=$PATH:$FINDBUGS_HOME/bin
export PATH
注意：
最终，在/etc/profile中环境变量PATH的设置如下：
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ANT_HOME/bin:$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$FINDBUGS_HOME/bin
export PATH
在shell下执行，使环境变量生效
. /etc/profile
7.编译 Hadoop2.6.0
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/core/hadoop-2.6.0/hadoop-2.6.0-src.tar.gz
cd hadoop-2.6.0-src
mvn package -DskipTests -Pdist,native -Dtar
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Main ................................. SUCCESS [01:03 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project POM .......................... SUCCESS [ 29.895 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Annotations .......................... SUCCESS [ 14.437 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Assemblies ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.394 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Project Dist POM ..................... SUCCESS [ 8.240 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Maven Plugins ........................ SUCCESS [ 13.592 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MiniKDC .............................. SUCCESS [ 33.409 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth ................................. SUCCESS [ 23.482 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth Examples ........................ SUCCESS [ 6.009 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common ............................... SUCCESS [02:59 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop NFS .................................. SUCCESS [ 11.041 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop KMS .................................. SUCCESS [05:48 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Common Project ....................... SUCCESS [ 0.039 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS ................................. SUCCESS [05:15 min]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HttpFS ............................... SUCCESS [ 50.927 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS BookKeeper Journal .............. SUCCESS [ 18.989 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-NFS ............................. SUCCESS [ 5.629 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Project ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.138 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn ........................................ SUCCESS [ 0.137 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-api .................................... SUCCESS [01:16 min]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-common ................................. SUCCESS [ 43.418 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.102 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-common .......................... SUCCESS [ 23.549 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager ..................... SUCCESS [ 24.205 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy ....................... SUCCESS [ 3.647 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-applicationhistoryservice ....... SUCCESS [ 7.759 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager ................. SUCCESS [ 21.215 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-tests ........................... SUCCESS [ 6.688 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-client ................................. SUCCESS [ 8.308 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.051 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell .......... SUCCESS [ 2.851 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher ..... SUCCESS [ 2.172 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-site ................................... SUCCESS [ 0.072 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-registry ............................... SUCCESS [ 6.102 s]
[INFO] hadoop-yarn-project ................................ SUCCESS [ 5.411 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.090 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-core ....................... SUCCESS [ 22.220 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-common ..................... SUCCESS [ 20.209 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle .................... SUCCESS [ 4.654 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-app ........................ SUCCESS [ 10.680 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs ......................... SUCCESS [ 8.812 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient .................. SUCCESS [ 11.311 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins ................. SUCCESS [ 1.978 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Examples ................... SUCCESS [ 6.886 s]
[INFO] hadoop-mapreduce ................................... SUCCESS [ 4.209 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Streaming .................. SUCCESS [ 27.231 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distributed Copy ..................... SUCCESS [ 11.920 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Archives ............................. SUCCESS [ 2.939 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Rumen ................................ SUCCESS [ 7.875 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Gridmix .............................. SUCCESS [ 5.416 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Data Join ............................ SUCCESS [ 3.462 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Ant Tasks ............................ SUCCESS [ 2.611 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Extras ............................... SUCCESS [ 3.392 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Pipes ................................ SUCCESS [ 9.568 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop OpenStack support .................... SUCCESS [ 6.296 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Amazon Web Services support .......... SUCCESS [ 13.418 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Client ............................... SUCCESS [ 8.610 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Mini-Cluster ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.291 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Scheduler Load Simulator ............. SUCCESS [ 5.736 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools Dist ........................... SUCCESS [ 6.740 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.044 s]
[INFO] Apache Hadoop Distribution ......................... SUCCESS [ 41.244 s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 27:01 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-05-21T18:35:35+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 125M/261M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
编译成功后会打包，放在hadoop-dist/target
# ls
antrun dist-tar-stitching.sh hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz hadoop-dist-2.6.0-javadoc.jar maven-archiver
dist-layout-stitching.sh hadoop-2.6.0 hadoop-dist-2.6.0.jar javadoc-bundle-options test-dir
验证编译是否成功
/picclife/software/hadoop-2.6.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.6.0/lib/native
[root@zhanglw1 native]# file *
libhadoop.a: current ar archive
libhadooppipes.a: current ar archive
libhadoop.so: symbolic link to `libhadoop.so.1.0.0'
libhadoop.so.1.0.0: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, not stripped
libhadooputils.a: current ar archive
libhdfs.a: current ar archive
libhdfs.so: symbolic link to `libhdfs.so.0.0.0'
libhdfs.so.0.0.0: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, not stripped