新概念二册 Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐 (被动语态+名词所有格+双重所有格)

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1 课文

What happened to the clavichord?

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.

我们有一件古老的乐器,叫击弦古钢琴.它是1681年德国制造的

Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time.

我们这架钢琴放在客厅里.我们家拥有它很长时间了

The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor.

这件乐器是许多年前我祖父买来的.最近它被一位客人弄坏了

She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.

她用它弹奏爵士乐! 她按键太猛,把两根弦按断了

My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.

我父亲为之震怒. 现在他不允许我们再碰它.父亲的一位朋友正在修理这件古老的乐器.

2 单词

2.1 jazz [dʒæz] n. 爵士音乐

2.2 musical [ˈmju:zɪkl] adj. 音乐的

music n. 音乐。

3 instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt] n. 仪器,设备

2.4 clavichord [ˈklævɪkɔ:d] n. 古钢琴

piano n 现代的钢琴

2.5 recently [ˈri:sntli] adv. 最近

2.6 damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] v. 损坏

damage 可以修复的损坏
destroy 不能修复(猛烈的,短时间)
ruin 不能修复(长时间的,如纸丰华)
spoil 损坏(精神上的损坏)

2.7 key [ki:] n. 琴键,关键,钥匙

key structure 关键
key point 关键点

2.8 string [strɪŋ] n. (乐器的)弦

2.9 shock [ʃɒk] v. 使不悦或生气,震惊

shock 令人不高兴的吃惊
surprise 吃惊或者不吃惊都可以

2.11 allow [əˈlaʊ] v. 允许,让

2.12 touch [tʌtʃ] v. 触摸

3 语法讲解

被动语态,是因为不知道动作的发出者是谁,所以有了被动语态。

3.1 应用范围

1 及物动词。(因为及物动词才能直接宾语,被动语态是需要宾语提前) (重点,重用)
2 不及物动词+介词。(因为不及物动词需要加上介词,所以才能被动语态)
狗吃了那个蛋糕。
The dog ate the cake.
the cake was ate.

3.2 公式:be + done

be:被动的时间。Be 对应的各种时态。Be要体现主要的单复数。(时间)
done:被动的动作。(动作)

写被动语态的三个步骤:
1 看被动的动作。 done
2 确定被动的时间。be
3 看被动的单复数。 be

教室每天都打扫。
Classrooms are cleaned every day.
1 clean 2 一般现在时 3 复数

一座新的大楼去年建造的。
A new building was built last year.
2 built 2 过去时 3 单数

3.3 被动语态和时态的结合

他每天被打。He is beaten every day.
他昨天被打了。He was beaten yesterday.
他明天将要被打。He will be beaten tomorrow / He is going to be beaten tomorrow.
他现在被打了。He is being beaten.(现在进行时的被打语态:am/is/are + being + done)

3.4 强调动作的发出者

强调动作的发出者,可以 be + done +by + 动作的发出者.

Rome was not built in a day.(罗马不是一天建成的)
People are being influenced by advertisements.(人们正在被广告所影响)

The dog ate the cake.(陈述句)
The cake was ate by the dog。(强调蛋糕是被狗吃的)

4 课文讲解

1 It is called a clavichord.它被称作古钢琴。这是一个被动语态的句子。本课的许多动词都是被动语态,如:“Our clavichord is kept…”,“The instrument was bought…”,“it was damaged…”,"two of the strings were broken”等。

2 a friend of my father’s,我父亲的一位朋友。在英语中我们通常用-’s和of结构来表示所有格。-’s的结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾,而of结构则常与无生命的名词连用。在这个例句中同时使用了-'s和of的结构,这被称作双重所有格。

3 sth. belong to sb.某物属于某人。

4 two of the strings. 很多琴弦中的两个。和two strings 2琴弦表达不一样。

5 名词所有格

翻译成中文"的"

5.1 两种形式

1 's (有生命的)
Lily’s book 丽丽的书(词序:正顺序,先Lily 后book)

a teacher’s books 一个老师的书
teachers’ books

1 通常加’s
2 遇到s结尾的加’

2 A of B (无生命的,B的A)
the door of the room 房间的门(词序:逆顺序,先door 后 room)

5.2 双重所有格

a friend of my father’s (friends) :我爸爸朋友中的一个。

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