使用python爬取图书封面

kongfuzi.py

利用更换代理ip，延迟提交数据，设置请求头破解网站的反爬虫机制

import requests
import random
import time


class DownLoad():
    def __init__(self):
        self.ip_list = ['191.33.179.242:8080', '122.72.108.53:80', '93.190.142.214:80', '189.8.88.125:65301',
                        '36.66.55.181:8080', '170.84.102.5:8080', '177.200.72.214:20183', '115.229.115.190:9000']

        self.user_agent_list = [
            'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
            'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
            'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11'
        ]

    def get(self, url, proxy=None, timeout=20, num=5):
        print("正在请求%s" % url)
        UA = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
        headers = {'User-Agent': UA}

        if proxy == None:
            try:
                return requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
            except:
                if num > 0:
                    time.sleep(10)
                    return self.get(url, num=num - 1)
                else:
                    time.sleep(10)
                    IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
                    proxy = {'http': IP}
                    return self.get(url, proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout)
        else:
            try:
                IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
                proxy = {'http': IP}
                return requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout)
            except:
                if num > 0:
                    time.sleep(10)
                    IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
                    proxy = {'http': IP}
                    print("正在更换代理")
                    print("当前代理%s" % proxy)
                    return self.get(url, proxy=proxy, num=num - 1)

main.py

将爬取的图片保存到本地，然后展示到界面

import kongfuzi
import os
import requests
import bs4
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


# 下载图片，生成图片地址列表和图书信息列表
def download():
    baseUrl = "http://search.kongfz.com"
    keyword = e1.get()
    url = baseUrl + "/product_result/?select=0&key=" + keyword
    print("下载链接：" + url)
    show(url)


# bs4处理
def changesoup(html):
    htm = html.content
    html_doc = str(htm, 'utf-8')
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
    return soup


# 图书信息集合
def bookinfo(soup):
    # 图书价格列表
    price = []
    soupprice = soup.select(".first-info .f_right .bold")
    for i in soupprice:
        price.append(i.string)

    # 书店名列表
    storename = []
    soupstorename = soup.select(".text a span")
    for each in soupstorename:
        if each.string == None:
            soupstorename.remove(each)
    for i in soupstorename:
        storename.append(i.string)

    # 商家地区列表
    place = []
    soupplace = soup.select(".user-place")
    for i in soupplace:
        place.append(i.string)

    # 书名列表
    bookname = []
    bookname1 = soup.select(
        ".search-wrap .search-main .search-main-result .result-content .result-list .item .item-info .title .link")
    # print(len(bookname1))
    # print(bookname1)
    for each in bookname1:
        print(each)
        # a = bs4.BeautifulSoup(each, "html.parser")
        a = each.get_text()
        print(a)
        # type(a)
        # a = bs4.BeautifulSoup(a, "html.parser")
        # b = a.get_text()
        bookname.append(a)
    # print(bookname)
    # print(len(bookname))

    return bookname, price, place, storename


# 保存图片
def imgsave(soup):
    dirName = "image"
    os.makedirs(dirName, exist_ok=True)
    filePathList = []
    imgUrl = soup.select(".search-main-result .result-content .result-list .item .item-img .img-box img")

    # print(imgUrl)
    if not imgUrl:
        print("没有找到当前节点下图片")
    else:
        i = 0
        for imageUrls in imgUrl:
            # 找到图片地址 获取它
            downloadUrl = imageUrls.get('src')
            # if downloadUrl == "/searchfront/img/error.jpg":
            #     downloadUrl = "http://book.kongfz.com/img/pc/error.jpg"
            print("打印要下载的图片地址:", downloadUrl)
            #     http://book.kongfz.com/img/pc/error.jpg
            # 分割字符
            split = downloadUrl.split("/")
            # 只保留最后一个元素
            fileName = str(i) + "-" + os.path.basename(split[len(split) - 1])
            print("文件名：" + fileName)
            # 建立一个新路径
            filePath = os.path.join(dirName, fileName)
            filePathList.append(filePath)
            if not os.path.exists(filePath):
                imageUrlPath = requests.get(downloadUrl)
                # 检查当前网络是否请求成功
                imageUrlPath.raise_for_status()
                # 'wb'二进制模式打开img适用
                imageFile = open(filePath, 'wb')
                for image in imageUrlPath.iter_content(10000):
                    # 把每次遍历的文件图像都存储进文件夹中
                    imageFile.write(image)
                # 关闭文件
                imageFile.close()
            i = i + 1
    return filePathList

# 图片展示
def show(url):
    xz = kongfuzi.DownLoad()
    html = xz.get(url)

    # 添加代理ip到ip_list
    add_ip = e2.get()
    xz.ip_list.append(add_ip)

    soup = changesoup(html)
    bookname, price, place, storename = bookinfo(soup)
    # print(bookname)
    # print(price)
    # print(place)
    # print(storename)
    filePathList = imgsave(soup)
    root1 = Toplevel()
    root1.geometry("1720x800")
    root1.title("孔网图片爬取")

    # 处理图片，转换成可以显示
    photo = []
    temp = []
    for each in filePathList:
        temp = Image.open(each)
        photo.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(temp))

    canvas = Canvas(root1, width=1700, height=800, scrollregion=(0, 0, 0, 4000))  # 创建canvas
    canvas.place(x=10, y=10)  # 放置canvas的位置

    frame = Frame(canvas)  # 把frame放在canvas里
    frame.place(width=1680, height=800)

    for i in range(50):
        # 图片行列
        rownum = int(i / 5)
        columnnum = i % 5

        # photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(filePathList[i]))
        imgLabel1 = Label(frame, image=photo[i], width=280, height=280)
        imgLabel1.grid(row=rownum * 5, column=columnnum, padx=10, pady=5)

        infoLabel1 = Label(frame, text="书名：" + bookname[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
        infoLabel1.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 1, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
        infoLabel2 = Label(frame, text="价格：" + price[i] + "元", bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
        infoLabel2.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 2, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
        infoLabel3 = Label(frame, text="发货地区：" + place[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
        infoLabel3.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 3, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
        infoLabel4 = Label(frame, text="书店：" + storename[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
        infoLabel4.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 4, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)

    vbar = Scrollbar(canvas, orient=VERTICAL)  # 竖直滚动条
    vbar.place(x=1680, width=20, height=800)
    vbar.configure(command=canvas.yview)
    canvas.config(yscrollcommand=vbar.set)  # 设置
    canvas.create_window((800, 2000), window=frame)

    mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 界面
    root = Tk()
    root.title("孔网图片爬取")
    e1 = Entry(root)
    e2 = Entry(root)
    e1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
    e2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=20, pady=20)
    label1 = Label(root, text="关键字", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
    label2 = Label(root, text="添加代理ip", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3, padx=10, pady=5)
    btn1 = Button(root, text="搜索", width=10, command=download).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
    # print(e1.get())
    mainloop()