环境简介：
Ubuntu 环境下 使用MongoDB将数据保存到本地，利用redis-server实现分布式部署
使用scrapy框架爬去知乎用户的信息。
- 安装MongoDB
sudo apt-get install mongodb
2.安装redis
sudo apt-get install redis-server
3.安装scarpy
sudo apt-get install scrapy
创建爬虫项目：
scrapy startproject zhihu
cd zhihu
创建爬虫文件:
scarpy genspider zhihu www.zhihu.com
代码简析：
zhihu.py爬虫
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
from scrapy import Request, Spider
from ..items import UserItem
class ZhihuSpider(Spider):
name = 'zhihu'
allowed_domains = ['www.zhihu.com']
start_urls = ['http://www.zhihu.com/']
start_user = 'excited-vczh'
# 用户信息
user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}'
user_query = 'allow_message,is_followed,is_following,is_org,is_blocking,employments,answer_count,follower_count,articles_count,gender,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
# 关注列表
followees_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followees?include={include}&offset=0&limit=20'
followees_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
# 粉丝列表
followers_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset=0&limit=20'
followers_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
def start_requests(self):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user)
yield Request(self.followees_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followees_query, offset=0, limit=20),
callback=self.parse_followees)
yield Request(self.followees_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followees_query, offset=0, limit=20),
callback=self.parse_followers)
def parse_user(self, response):
result = json.loads(response.text)
item = UserItem()
for field in item.fields:
if field in result.keys():
item[field] = result.get(field)
yield item
yield Request(
self.followees_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followees_query, offset=0, limit=20),
callback=self.parse_followees)
yield Request(
self.followees_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followees_query, offset=0, limit=20),
callback=self.parse_followers)
# 解析关注列表
def parse_followees(self, response):
results = json.loads(response.text)
if 'data' in results.keys():
for result in results.get('data'):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
self.parse_user)
if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
yield Request(next_page, self.parse_followees)
# 解析粉丝列表
def parse_followers(self, response):
results = json.loads(response.text)
if 'data' in results.keys():
for result in results.get('data'):
yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
self.parse_user)
if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
yield Request(next_page, self.parse_followers)
pipellines.py 管线文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo
class ZhihuPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
return item
class MongoPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
host = 'localhost'
port = 27017
dbname = 'Zhihu'
sheetname = 'zhihu_user'
# 创建MONGODB数据库链接
client = pymongo.MongoClient(host=host, port=port)
# 指定数据库
mydb = client[dbname]
# 存放数据的数据库表名
self.post = mydb[sheetname]
def process_item(self, item, spider):
# 使用update方法 进行去重处理
self.post.update({'url_token': item['url_token']}, {'$set': item}, True)
return itemitem.py 爬取数据的保存格式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
from scrapy import Item, Field
class UserItem(Item):
id = Field()
name = Field()
avatar_url = Field()
headline = Field()
description = Field()
url = Field()
url_token = Field()
gender = Field()
cover_url = Field()
type = Field()
Badge = Field()
answer_count = Field()
articles_count = Field()
commercial_question_count = Field()
favorite_count = Field()
follower_count = Field()
following_columns_count = Field()
following_count = Field()
pins_count = Field()
question_count = Field()
thank_from_count = Field()
thank_to_count = Field()
vote_from_count = Field()
vote_to_count = Field()
voteup_count = Field()
following_favlists_count = Field()
following_question_count = Field()
following_topic_count = Field()
marked_ansers_count = Field()
mutual_followees_count = Field()
hosted_live_count = Field()
participated_live_count = Field()settings.py scrapy配置文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for zhihu project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'zhihu'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['zhihu.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zhihu.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'zhihu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.62 Safari/537.36',
'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20'
}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'zhihu.middlewares.ZhihuSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'zhihu.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# }
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }
# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'zhihu.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,#将本地存储的管线打开
#'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301#不注释将会把爬到的数据上传到Master端，会消耗新能，一般情况下，Master只保存连接指纹，数据又本地储存
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
# 调度表使用scrapy_redis的调度表
# Enables scheduling storing requests queue in redis.
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
#去重使用scrapy_redis的去重文件
# Ensure all spiders share same duplicates filter through redis.
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
#指定redis的url地址
REDIS_URL = 'redis://user:password@hostname:port'