LCA (最近公共祖先) Tarjan & 倍增

LCA Tarjan:

实现原理

理解:离线算法,建好树后再查询,一次DFS 吧所有查询解决完。

时间复杂度:O(n+q);

n个点 q次询问

补一下:链式向前星并查集 ,Tarjan

代码

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 5e5+ 10;
int fa[MAXN], head[MAXN], head_ask[MAXN], cnt, cnt_ask, ans[MAXN];
bool vis[MAXN];
int n, m, s;
struct Edge{
	int to, dis, next;
	int num;
}edge[MAXN << 1], ask[MAXN << 1]; 
void add_edge(int u, int v, int dis) {
	edge[++cnt].to = v;
	edge[cnt].next = head[u];
	head[u] = cnt;
}
void add_ask(int x, int y, int num) { //num 第几个查询
	ask[++cnt_ask].to = y;
	ask[cnt_ask].num = num;	//第几个查询 
	ask[cnt_ask].next = head_ask[x];
	head_ask[x] = cnt_ask;
}
int find(int x) {	//并查集 
	return fa[x] == x ? x : fa[x] = find(fa[x]);
}
void init() {
	cnt = 1;
	cnt_ask = 1;
	memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
	fa[n] = n;
}
void Tarjan(int x) {
	vis[x] = true;
	for(int i = head[x]; i ; i = edge[i].next) {
		int to = edge[i].to;
		if( !vis[to] ) {
			Tarjan(to);
			fa[to] = x;
		}
	}
	for(int i = head_ask[x]; i; i = ask[i].next) {
		int to = ask[i].to;
		if( vis[to] ){ 
			ans[ask[i].num] = find(to);
		}
	}
}
int main () {
	ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0);
	cin >> n >> m >> s;
	int x, y;
	init();
	for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
		fa[i] = i;
		cin >> x >> y;
		add_edge(x, y, 0);
		add_edge(y, x, 0);
	}
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		cin >> x >> y;
		add_ask(x, y, i);
		add_ask(y, x, i);
	} 
	Tarjan(s);	 
	for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
		cout << ans[i] << endl;
	}
} 

练习题:

洛谷 P3379

LCA 倍增:

倍增原理

理解:

1) 在线算法

2)暴力的优化,不是一步一步向上找节点,每次走2^{k} 步

模板待补

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