Western Universities Rely on China. After the Virus, That May Not Last.
新冠疫情正在使西方大学失去中国学生？
- Rely vi.依靠;信赖
LONDON — On Jiani Zhou’s university campus in southwestern England, the racism arrived before the coronavirus did.
伦敦——在英格兰西南部，周佳妮（音）的大学校园里，种族主义比冠状病毒来得更早。
- racism n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见
One girl headed for the stairs as soon as Ms. Zhou stepped up to a dormitory elevator bank in late January. When two construction workers saw a poster of Asian candidates in the student union election, they muttered, “Vote corona.”
1月下旬，周佳妮一走进宿舍的电梯间，就有一个女孩朝楼梯走去。两个建筑工人看到学生会选举中亚裔候选人的海报，低声嘟囔着说：“投新冠一票。”
- dormitory n.宿舍 adj.住宅区的
- elevator n.电梯;升降机 elevator bank 电梯组
- construction n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句
- candidates n.候选人;申请者
- election n.选举;当选;选择权
- muttered vi.咕哝;喃喃自语 n.喃喃自语
But now that the virus has firmly taken hold in Britain, outmuscling the low-key measures taken by Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Chinese students are fretting for a different reason: “People here haven’t realized how serious this is,” Ms. Zhou said. “Over in China, there were a lot of control mechanisms in place, but not here yet.”
但现在，病毒已经在英国扎下了根，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)采取的低调措施远远不够，中国学生又有了新的担忧：“这里的人还没有意识到问题有多严重，”周佳妮说。“在中国有很多防控机制，但这里还没有。”
- firmly adv.坚定地,坚决地;坚固地,稳固地
- outmuscle v.胜过,打败
- measures n.措施;层组 v.测量
- realized adj.实现的; 已实现的 vt.实现
- mechanisms n.机制;机械;机构学
That wariness toward the way British universities have handled the outbreak could soon have huge financial implications. Universities in English-speaking countries, especially Britain, Australia and the United States, have grown increasingly dependent on tuition from Chinese students, a business model that the virus could dismantle.
这种对英国大学处理疫情方式的警惕，可能很快会产生巨大的财务影响。英语国家的大学越来越依赖中国学生的学费，尤其是英国、澳大利亚和美国的大学，这种商业模式可能会被病毒摧毁。
- wariness n.谨慎,小心
- handled adj.有把手的,有把柄的 v.使用;负责;触摸;指挥
- financial adj.金融的;财政的,财务的
- implications n.暗指,暗示;含蓄,含义
- increasingly adv.越来越多地;渐增地
- tuition n.学费;讲授
- dismantle vt.拆除;取消;解散;除掉…的覆盖物
With qualifying exams postponed, travel bans spreading and anger rising among Chinese students and parents at the West’s permissive attitude toward public health, enrollment could plummet in the coming years, experts said, potentially leaving countries with multibillion- dollar holes in their universities’ budgets.
专家说，由于资格考试推迟、旅行禁令蔓延、中国学生和家长对西方国家在公共卫生上的放任态度越来越愤怒，未来几年中国学生的入学率可能会大幅下降，这可能会让一些国家的大学预算出现数十亿美元的缺口。
- qualifying adj.预赛的 n.语法关系;通过考试,达到要求 v.使具有资格
- postponed v.延期;缓办
- spreading v.传播;摊开(spread的现在分词）
- permissive adj.许可的;自由的;宽容的
- enrollment n.登记;入伍
- plummet v.快速下落;骤然下落 n.骤降;铅坠,铅垂线
- experts n.专家;人才
- potentially adv.可能地,潜在地
- budgets n.预算 v.为…做预算
Already, analysts are talking about the prospect of government bailouts of higher education if Chinese students stay home, starving universities of the often-exorbitant overseas tuition fees that keep their less-profitable departments afloat.
许多大学通常依靠往往很高昂的海外学费，让盈利能力不足的院系得以维持，分析人士已在讨论，如果中国学生留在本国，让这些大学得不到收入，政府有可能需要对高等教育实施财政救助。
- analysts n.分析师;分析家
- prospect n.前途;预期;景色 vi.勘探,找矿
- bailouts n.紧急救助;跳伞
- starving adj.饥饿的;挨饿的 v.挨饿;使饿死
- overseas adv.在海外,向国外 adj.海外的,国外的
- afloat adj.漂浮的,不沉的;在船上的;经济周转得开的;不欠债的
“In quite a short period of time, we have become sort of addicted to one source of income,” said Kerry Brown, a professor of Chinese studies at King’s College London. “If the worst case happens and Chinese students don’t want to come here in September, it’s potentially a kind of seismic change.”
“在相当短的时间内，我们已经对一种收入来源上瘾了，”伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)中国研究教授克里·布朗(Kerry Brown)表示。“如果最坏的情况发生，中国学生不想在9月份来这里，这可能是一种巨大的变化。”
- period n.周期,期间;时期;一段时间 adj.某一时代的
- addicted adj.沉溺于某种不良嗜好的;入了迷的,上了瘾的 v.使…上瘾;沉迷于…
- seismic adj.地震的;因地震引起的
In Britain, some Chinese students are fuming that universities did not act more decisively to move classes online and scrap major events like spring balls. In interviews, they said they were weighing the health benefits of wearing a surgical mask with their fear of being racially abused or even attacked, as a student from Singapore was last month in London.
在英国，一些中国学生对大学没有更果断地实施网上授课并取消春季舞会等重大活动感到愤怒。在采访中，他们说一方面戴口罩对健康有好处，另一方面又担心会受到种族歧视甚至攻击，比如上月一名新加坡学生在伦敦就有这样的遭遇，他们正在两者间做权衡。
- fuming adj.熏的,冒烟的;愤怒的 v.冒烟,愤怒
- decisively adv.果断地;决然地
- scrap n.碎片;残余物;打架;少量 adj.废弃的;零碎的 vt.废弃;使解体;拆毁
- surgical adj.外科的;手术上的 n.外科手术;外科病房
- racially adv.人种上;按人种
- abused adj.滥用的;受虐的 v.滥用;虐待;辱骂
Now that China has seemingly corralled its outbreak, some students are even swallowing the cost of expensive plane tickets and rushing home.
现在中国似乎已经控制住了疫情，一些学生甚至购买昂贵的机票赶回家。
- seemingly adv.看来似乎;表面上看来
- corralled 把…赶入围栏 聚集
- swallowing n.吞咽 v.吞下;忍受
In Australia, where the academic year began around the end of February, an entry ban on anyone who had recently been in China stranded tens of thousands of Chinese students at home. The outbreak has grown enough in Australia, though, that analysts fear the next travel ban will be imposed by the Chinese, with the government potentially asking students not to travel to virus-prone countries for schooling.
在澳大利亚，新学年大约在2月底开始，一项针对近期去过中国的人的入境禁令将数万名中国学生困在家里。不过，此次疫情在澳大利亚已经蔓延到一定程度，分析人士担心，下一轮旅行禁令将由中国实施，政府可能会要求学生不要前往易受病毒感染的国家上学。
- academic adj.学术的;理论的;学院的 n.大学生,大学教师;学者
- recently adv.最近;新近
- stranded adj.搁浅的;陷于困境的
- imposed adj.强加的;施加的;应用的 v.欺骗;把…强加于
And in the United States, swift shutdowns left international students without any help as they packed up and tried to find affordable flights home.
而在美国，学校迅速关闭，国际学生在收拾行装、试图找到买得起的机票回家时得不到任何帮助。
Taken together, those slights and miscalculations have dented the reputation of overseas universities in China, analysts said. American universities were already hurt by trade tensions between Washington and Beijing and new visa restrictions on Chinese graduates. And British universities, too, are dealing with uncertainty over European Union research money and student-exchange programs after Brexit.
分析人士说，这些怠慢和误判加在一起，损害了海外大学在中国的声誉。华盛顿和北京之间的贸易紧张关系以及针对中国毕业生的新签证限制已对美国大学造成了伤害。英国大学也在应对脱欧后欧盟研究经费和学生交流项目的不确定性。
- slights adj.轻微的,少量的;脆弱的;细长的;不重要的 vt.轻视,怠慢 n.怠慢;轻蔑
- miscalculations n.算错;误算
- reputation n.名声,名誉;声望
- tensions 张力,紧张
- restrictions n.限制;限制条件
- uncertainty n.犹豫;不确定的事物;不确定度
- Brexit n.英国脱欧
University administrators are bracing for parents already wary of the risks of global travel in the age of the virus to decide it is no longer worth shelling out tens of thousands of dollars for an overseas degree.
在这个病毒肆虐的时代，家长们已经对全球旅行的风险产生了警惕，可能会觉得花费数万美元去海外攻读学位不再值得，大学管理者们正在为此做准备。
- bracing adj.令人振奋的,凉爽的;支撑的 n.支撑,支柱
- degree n.程度,等级;度;学位;阶层
“I think this is going to exacerbate the sense that has been growing for years that the U.K., and to a lesser extent the U.S., are not great destinations for international students, especially Chinese students,” said Craig Calhoun, a professor of social sciences at Arizona State University and a former director of the London School of Economics and Political Science. “Applications and acceptances could go down precipitously, and I think very few U.K. universities have planned for that.”
“我认为这将加剧一种多年来一直增长的感觉：对于国际学生，尤其是中国学生来说，英国不是好地方，美国也有点糟糕，”亚利桑那州立大学(Arizona State University)社会科学教授、伦敦政治经济学院(London School of Economics and Political Science)前院长克雷格·卡尔霍恩(Craig Calhoun)说。“申请和录取人数可能会急剧下降，我认为英国很少有大学为此做过打算。”
- exacerbate vt.使加剧;使恶化;激怒
- destinations n.目的地,终点;抵达站
- Economics n.经济学;国家的经济状况
- precipitously adv.陡峭地;出乎意料地;陡然地
In Britain, universities began chasing after Chinese students amid declining government funding, combined with a move by Indian students to enroll in American schools instead. Last year, more than 120,000 Chinese students enrolled in Britain, with some major universities’ student bodies now a fifth Chinese.
在英国，由于政府资金减少，加上印度学生转而进入美国学校，大学开始努力招募中国学生。去年，超过12万名中国学生在英国注册，一些主要大学的学生人数中中国学生的总数现在占五分之一。
- declining adj.下滑的;衰退的;倾斜的 v.下降;衰退;婉谢
- funding n.提供资金 v.提供资金;积存
- combined adj.结合的;组合的 v.使结合;联合
- enroll vt.登记;使加入;把…加入名册;使入伍
- instead adv.代替;反而;相反
Conservative estimates put their combined fees at about 1.5 billion pounds, about $1.75 billion. Many enroll in postgraduate business and finance programs that are the universities’ biggest moneymakers.
保守估计，中国学生的总学费约为15亿英镑，约合105亿元人民币。许多人选择商业和金融的研究生课程，这是大学最大的摇钱树。
- estimates n.估计;预算;概数 v.评价;估量
- postgraduate n.研究生 adj.大学毕业后的
- finance n.财政;金融
- moneymakers n.很会赚钱的人
“If enrollment falls by a quarter, that’s a huge amount of money and, for some universities, the difference between bankruptcy and staying afloat,” Professor Brown said.
“如果入学率下降四分之一，那会是一大笔钱，对一些大学来说，这足以决定破产还是维生，”布朗说。
- enrollment n.登记;入伍
- bankruptcy n.破产
Almost 400,000 Chinese students were studying in American universities last year. Australia has become even more reliant on Chinese recruitment: With 200,000 Chinese students, it stood to lose about $4 billion, by some estimates, had the coronavirus-related travel ban kept them from attending the first term.
去年大约有40万中国学生在美国大学学习。澳大利亚甚至更依赖中国招生，它拥有20万名中国学生，有人估计，如果与冠状病毒相关的旅行禁令让他们错过第一学期，澳大利亚将损失约40亿美元。
- reliant adj.依赖的;可靠的;信赖的
- recruitment n.招收,招聘;增长;募集
“In Australia and New Zealand, the approach has been to treat international students as cash cows, and as a result the shortcomings in their systems are really coming to the surface,” said Salvatore Babones, an associate professor at the University of Sydney and an adjunct scholar at the Center for Independent Studies. “We’re essentially just running an offshore university experience at the master’s level.”
“在澳大利亚和新西兰，国际学生被当做摇钱树对待，结果他们系统的缺陷真正浮出了水面，”悉尼大学(University of Sydney)助理教授、独立研究中心(Center for Independent Studies)的兼职学者萨尔瓦托·巴博内斯(Salvatore Babones)表示。“我们实际上只是在提供一种硕士水平的离岸大学体验。”
- cash cows 现金牛;摇钱树
- Sydney n.悉尼
- adjunct n.附属物;助手;修饰语 adj.附属的
- essentially adv.本质上;本来
- offshore adj.离岸的;近海的;吹向海面的 adv.向海面,向海
China, desperate to fill universities hollowed out under the one-child policy, has lately improved the quality of its own higher education system, tempting some students to stay home. British university administrators now fear that those changes, combined with China’s success in battling the coronavirus, could make the case for an overseas education more difficult.
中国迫切希望解决独生子女政策导致的生源匮乏，近年来提升了其高等教育系统的质量，想要留住一些学生。英国大学的管理者现在担心，这些变化，加上中国在与抗击冠状病毒疫情上的成功，可能会更加促使人们不愿意去海外上学。
- desperate adj.不顾一切的;令人绝望的;极度渴望的
- hollowed 空心的;凹陷的
- policy n.政策,方针;保险单
- lately adv.近来,不久前
Zhexuan Lu, a second-year student in sports management at the University of Bath, said he was surprised to find the British government ignoring the virus when the spring term started in January.
巴斯大学(University of Bath)体育管理专业二年级学生卢哲轩（音）说，他惊讶地发现，英国政府在今年1月春季开学时无视这种病毒。
Few countries have since charted such a different course from China than Britain, which initially hesitated to shut restaurants and pubs. China, by contrast, has reported reducing its new local cases to zero by heavily curtailing people’s movements.
此后，很少有国家能像英国那样选择与中国截然不同的道路。英国最初不愿关闭餐馆和酒吧。相比之下，根据中国的报告，通过大幅度减少人们的活动，本地新增病例已降至零。
- initially adv.最初,首先;开头
- hesitated 犹豫
- contrast n.明显的差异,对比,对照 v.对比,对照,与…形成对比
- heavily adv.很大程度上;严重地;大量地;沉重地,缓慢而忧郁地，悲伤地； 令人心情沉重
- curtailing vt.缩减;剪短;剥夺…特权等
As the president of the Bath Chinese Students and Scholars Association, Mr. Lu sent a letter to the university’s vice chancellor asking for more lectures and course notes to be made available online. But he said the university was reluctant to do more until there was a confirmed case of the virus on campus.
作为巴斯中国学生学者联谊会(Bath Chinese Students and Scholars Association)的主席，卢哲轩致函大学副校长，要求将更多讲座和课程笔记放到网上。但是他说，在校园里确诊有这种病毒病例之前，大学不愿做更多的事情。
- lectures n.演讲 v.向…讲演;训斥
- available adj.可获得的;可找到的;有空的
- reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的;顽抗的
- confirmed adj.坚定的,根深蒂固的,确认的 v.确证;使坚定
“Nobody worried about it except Chinese students, because Chinese students know what happened and what helped in our home country,” Mr. Lu said.
卢哲轩说：“除了中国学生以外，没有人担心这件事，因为中国学生知道发生了什么以及在国内怎么做是有帮助的。”
Nevertheless, Mr. Lu said that younger Chinese students applying to British universities would not be deterred by the way Britain responded to the coronavirus, saying the virus would pass.
然而卢哲轩说，尽管英国用这样的方式应对，今后的中国学生并不会因此而不愿申请英国学校，他说病毒会过去。
- Nevertheless adv.然而,不过;虽然如此
- deterred vt.制止,阻止;使打消念头
Should it remain a threat for longer, though, Professor Babones said, there was a risk that China would reciprocate other countries’ travel bans by considering asking its students not to go abroad for their studies, fearing that they would bring the virus back from a country where it was more rampant.
巴博内斯说，如果威胁持续更长的时间，中国有可能会顺应其他国家的旅行禁令，考虑要求其学生不要出国学习，担心他们会把这种病毒从疫情更加严重的国家带回来。
- remain vi.保持;依然;留下 n.遗迹;剩余物,残骸
- threat n.威胁,恐吓;凶兆
- reciprocate vt.报答;互换;互给 vi.往复运功;酬答
- rampant adj.猖獗的;蔓延的;狂暴的;奔放的
“It’d be a big propaganda win,” he said. “You kept our students out? Now we’re pulling them out.”
“这将是一次巨大的宣传胜利，”他说。“你不让我们的学生进去？现在我们把他们接回来。”
- propaganda n.宣传;传道总会
Some British universities are considering offering preterm English courses online and allowing Chinese students to delay their enrollments until January next year. Some have also tried to diversify their international student body in recent years, though analysts warned that was unlikely to compensate for any financial losses from China.
一些英国大学正在考虑在网上提供学期前的英语课程，并允许中国学生将入学时间推迟到明年1月。近年来，有些人还试图使他们的国际学生群体多样化，尽管分析人士警告说，这不太可能弥补中国学生流失所造成的经济损失。
- preterm adj.早产的 adv.早产地,早熟地
- diversify v.增加…的品种;扩大经营范围;多样化,不同;进行
- unlikely adj.不太可能的;没希望的 adv.未必
- compensate vi.补偿,赔付;抵消
- financial adj.金融的;财政的,财务的
While Britain’s departure from the European Union will pile pressure on its universities, the government has said it will extend the visas of international students as a way of persuading them to stay.
尽管英国脱欧将给其大学带来压力，但政府表示将延长国际学生的签证，以说服他们留下。
- persuading v.劝说
In some ways, British universities’ response to the virus reflects the muddled messages coming from the prime minister’s office, which has been reluctant to impose any mandates and slow to discourage large gatherings.
在某些方面，英国大学对病毒的反应，体现了首相办公室的含糊其辞，它一直不愿下达任何强制命令，迟迟没有劝阻大规模的人群聚集。
- muddled v.弄乱;使困惑;混淆 adj.糊涂的,混乱的
- reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的;顽抗的
- impose vi.利用;欺骗;施加影响 vt.强加;征税;以…欺骗
- mandates n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理 vt.授权;托管
- discourage vt.阻止;使气馁
- gatherings n.聚会
In one email that upset students at the University of Cambridge, administrators insisted that the business school would hold exams last week in rooms of up to 40 people, despite students’ fear of the crowds. The university said it and its colleges were “doing all in their power to prepare students and staff for unforeseeable circumstances.”
在一封令剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)学生感到不安的电子邮件中，校方坚称，尽管学生们担心人群拥挤，但商学院仍将在上周在多达40人的房间内举行考试。校方以及下属学院“正在竭尽全力为学生和教职员工做好准备，应对不可预见的情况”。
- despite n.侮辱,伤害;轻视,鄙视;憎恨 v.故意使烦恼,故意伤害
- unforeseeable adj.不可预见的;无法预料的
- circumstances n.情况;环境;情形
For Ms. Zhou, the postgraduate officer in the student union at the University of Bath, being in Britain during the time of the virus meant fielding worried phone calls from her mother.
对身为英国巴斯大学学生会研究生负责人的周佳妮来说，在病毒感染期间留在英国意味着要应付母亲打来的焦虑的电话。
- during the time 期间
- fielding n.守备;防守 v.保护;担任外场员
It has also meant trying to adjust to the more relaxed views of others, like a man to whom she tried to sell a concert ticket after she decided the virus made it too dangerous to go.
这也意味着要尝试适应其他人较为松懈的观点，例如，在她决定认为病毒使演唱会变得太过危险而不能前往后，她试图将门票卖给一名男子。
“He was, like, ‘It’s just the media going crazy,’” Ms. Zhou said. “He encouraged me to go and have a fantastic time.”
“他觉得‘只是媒体抽风罢了’，”周佳妮说。“他鼓励我去，并享受美好时光。”
- encouraged v.鼓励;支持;促进
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