第七讲 特殊句式
虚拟语气[1]
第 X 条件句
| 主句 | 从句 | 意义 | 其余成分 |
|---|---|---|---|
| do | do | 客观事实，科学现象，一定会发生 | if 可用 when 代替 |
| do | will do | 可能发生的事 | 不可用 be going to 而应该用 will / shall |
| did | would be | 虚拟现在的情况对现在和将来造成的影响 / 给出建议 "If I were you" | |
| had done | would have done | 虚拟过去的情况对过去造成的影响 |
通常 if not 与 unless 可以互换。
If only ... 虚拟，“要是 …… 就好了”
非真实条件句
| 主句 | 意义 | 从句 | 意义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| would do | 现在 / 将来 | did | 现在 / 将来 |
| would have done | 过去 | had don | 虚拟过去条件 |
强调句
强调谓语
适用范围
- 一般现在时 / 一般过去时
- 不能用在be动词的主系表结构
句型
\(\rm v.[含时态] \to do \ /\ did + v.[原型]\)
Do be careful while crossing the street. （祈使句，直接加前面，就算是be动词也可以随便强调）
强调其它成分
句型
It is / was + [被强调成分] + that（人或物） / who（人）+ [其余成分].
Is / was it + [被强调成分] + that / who + [其余成分]?
与定语从句的区别
-
Gereral Rules
-
定语从句，去掉 that / who 之后的部分，it 指代明确，句子不缺少成分。
-
强调句，去掉 that / who 之后的部分，it 指代不明[2]，句子缺少成分。
-
-
题型
-
It is / was + [成分一] + _____ + [成分二] + _____ +[成分三]
扫描二维码关注公众号，回复： 10123105 查看本文章
根据不同的选项搭配，可能出现以下情形
- It is / was + [被强调成分 + _____ + 定语从句] + _____ + [其余成分].
- It is / was + [被强调成分] + _____ + [其余成分 + _____ + 定语从句].
- It is / was + [名词性成分 + _____ + 从句一 + _____ + 修饰从句一内某成分的从句]
如果有定语从句，要先挑出定语从句，在另一个成分前面填上 that / who, 再判断定语从句的关系词。
-
省略成分的强调句回答
判断问题的题干是否在回答中出现了，如果出现了，那么它是强调句的[其余成分]，否则这个强调句被省略了[其余成分]，未被省略的句子中包含从句。
-
与until的连用
倒装句
全部倒装
v. + 主语
here / there / 介词短语 / 时间地点副词开头
-
代词作主语不倒装主谓
-
不用进行时
-
适用范围
here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, back
\(+\)
be, appear, exist, lie, seem to be, stand, go, come, fall, follow
表语 + 系动词 + 主语
-
适用范围
现在分词，过去分词，形容词。
直接引语在句首
-
代词作主语不倒装主谓
-
谓语后有宾语或谓语比主语长，不倒装
"..." Tom said to me in a whisper.
部分倒装
情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 + v.[原型]
疑问句
否定词在句首
-
适用范围
-
单词
not, seldom, never, barely, scarcely, rarely, little, no-等
-
（介词）短语
in no time, at no time, by no means, on no account, under no circumstances, on no condition（绝不）
-
-
特殊用法
-
Not until [从句] [主句]
只有主句倒装。
-
Not only [一] (but also [二])
只有 [一] 倒装。
-
\[\rm \left. \begin{aligned} \rm Hardly \\ \rm Barely \\ \rm Scarcely \end{aligned} \right\} \quad + {\underbrace{had + 主语 + done}_{部分倒装}} + \quad when + {\underbrace{主语 + did}_{不倒装}} \]
-
| 句型 | 常用动词 | 如何倒装 | 条件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| so 开头 | 全部 | “另一者也是” | |
| 部分 | “确实如此” | ||
| neither / nor 开头 | 全部 | ||
| 介词短语，时间 / 地点副词开头 | 全 | 名词（短语），非进行时 | |
| 不倒装主谓 | 代词 | ||
| 表语 + 系动词 + 主语 | 全部 | ||
| 直接引语 | 全部 |
There be ...[3]
与非谓
There be + n. + doing \(\Rightarrow\) 主动进行
There be + n. + done \(\Rightarrow\) 被动
There be + n. + to do \(\Rightarrow\) 将来（尚未发生）
[Question Tags 用法](#There be ...)
Question Tags
用法
陈述句
-
主语：人称代词
-
肯定与否定
-
前否后肯
-
前肯后否
-
祈使句
-
一般的祈使句
[原句], will you?
-
Let ...
-
Let's ..., shall we?
回答：Good idea. / OK / ... 等交际用语，而非直接回答。
-
Let us ..., will you?
-
There be ...
There be ..., ... there?
指示代词引导的句子
-
This / that ..., ... it?
-
These / those ..., ... they?
包含情态动词的句子[4]
-
must
-
表推测
反去掉推测之后的原句。
They must be tired now, aren't they?
He must have cleaned the room this morning, didn't he? must have done \(\Rightarrow\) 一般过去时。
You must haven't seen you for a long time, have you? must have done \(\Rightarrow\) 现在完成时。
-
禁止
[... mustn't ...], [must ...]?
-
有必要
[原句], needn't / mustn't ...?
-
-
dare / need
- 情态动词 \(\to\) 否定形式
- 行为动词 \(\to\) [don't ...]?
宾语从句
有时需要反宾语从句的内容
-
适用范围
- 主语：I / we
-
动词：think / suppose / imagine / believe / suspect / agree[4:1]
I 开头的句子
I am ..., aren't I?
并列句
就近原则
注意事项
判断一个句子是否是否定句
-
否定词 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, little
-
宾语从句
先否定前移，再判断。
代词的使用
-
人 everybody(one), anybody(one), nobody( one), somebody(one) \(\to\) don't they?
-
物 everything, anything, nothing, something \(\to\) isn't it?
固定搭配 / 需要注意的搭配
| 句型 | Quetion Tags（主语以you为例） |
|---|---|
| have（表示"有"）/ have to do / have got nothing to do | don't you? |
| had better do | hadn't you? |
| would like / would rather | wouldn't you? |
| used to | didn't you? |
| I wish to ... (表示请求) | may I? |