Many novice and even the installation of Windows are not familiar with, not to mention Linux is installed; even if the installation was successful, but also threatens to undermine the existing Windows system, such as hard drives resulting in data loss, Windows will not turn on and so on. It has been, installed Linux systems are beginners nightmare.
However, virtual machine technology can easily break through this predicament. As the virtual machine to install Linux all operations (such as a hard disk partition, delete, or modify data) are carried out in a virtual hard disk, it will not cause any loss of existing data and systems, it does not matter even if the installation fails.
The so-called virtual machine (virtual machine), is out of the virtual software technology through a computer, use it at the level of real and computer and there is no difference.
Common virtual machine software VMware Workstation (referred to as VMware), VirtualBox, Microsoft Virtual PC, among VMware highest market share, so this section to VMware as an example to explain the Linux installation.
VMware allows you to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single computer, such as running Windows, Linux and Mac OS at the same time. Directly installed on the computer multiple operating systems, the same time can only run one operating system, restart it to switch; and Vmware can run multiple operating systems simultaneously, you can switch back and forth like Windows applications.
Standing on the user's perspective, the real and the virtual machine system installed system is the same, or even connect to a local area network or connect to the Internet in a virtual machine on the computer several systems.
In the virtual machine system, each virtual computer generated are called "virtual machine", and is used to store all virtual machine computer is called "host." For example, your Windows system is the host, and VMware virtual machine was installed Linux.
Download and install VMware
The vast majority of beginners using Windows, so this section deals only with VMware and install Linux on Windows.
VMware has two versions, namely VMware Workstation Pro and VMware Workstation Player.
- Player is a free version for non-commercial use only for personal learning.
- Pro is a commercial version, the most powerful to use in the future to pay.
We find on the Internet a Pro version with a key, and on the Baidu network disk, you can limit the use of:
VMware Workstation Pro Download: https: //pan.baidu.com/s/1XXhFFh0Fx0vzvcd1A543Yg, extraction code: 2o19 (downloaded archive contained VMware install the required secret key, effective pro-test, ease of use)
VMware on the computer's hardware configuration is relatively high, a low configured virtual machine is very slow, can not even run. In theory, the higher the better configuration, and now the mainstream computer configuration can achieve the requirements of running VMware. Do not use collection of antiques for many years to run VMware, I guarantee you will lose patience.
Because VMware installation process is relatively simple, and installation of the software is no different from ordinary, and therefore will not elaborate too much. It is assumed that the reader has been installed and downloaded VMware, directly next to start using VMware to install a Linux system.
VMware installed Linux systems
Start VMware, into its main interface, as shown in FIG.
FIG 1 VMware main interface
Click "Create a new virtual machine", enter the virtual machine setup wizard interface, shown in Figure 2, where is recommended for beginners to select "Typical (recommended)."
Figure 2 Virtual Machine Settings wizard interface
Click "Next" and enter "to install the operating system" screen, if a beginner is ready to advance Linux system image file (.iso file), here select the "Installer disc image file," and through the "Browse" button to install the Linux system to find the iso file; otherwise, select "install the operating system later", as shown in Fig.
3 install the client operating system
Well in advance is recommended for beginners download CenOS imaging system, to provide CentOS 6.5 image file Thunder download address (click on the link or copy the link to the Thunder to start the download):
- 32 位 CentOS 6.5 映像下载：http://archive.kernel.org/centos-vault/6.5/isos/i386/CentOS-6.5-i386-LiveCD.iso
- 64 位 CentOS 6.5 映像下载：http://archive.kernel.org/centos-vault/6.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-LiveCD.iso
点击“下一步”，进入“选择客户机操作系统”，选择“Linux”，并在“版本”下拉列表框中选择要安装的对应的 Linux 版本，这里选择“CentOS 6”，如图 4 所示。
图 4 选择客户机操作系统
继续“下一步”，进入“命名虚拟机”界面，给虚拟机起一个名字（如“CentOS 6.5”），然后单击“浏览”按钮，选择虚拟机系统安装文件的保存位置，如图 5 所示。
图 5 命名虚拟机
单击"下一步"按钮，进入"指定磁盘容量"界面。默认虚拟硬盘大小为 20GB（虚拟硬盘会以文件形式存放在虚拟机系统安装目录中）。虚拟硬盘的空间可以根据需要调整大小，但不用担心其占用的空间，因为实际占用的空间还是以安装的系统大小而非此处划分的硬盘大小为依据的。
比如你设定了硬盘容量为 20GB，但是安装 Linux 只用了 4GB，那么实际上只会在你的 Windows 分区中占用 4GB 的空间，占用空间会随着虚拟机系统使用的空间增加而增加。
此“指定磁盘容量”界面保持默认设置即可，如图 6 所示。
图 6 指定磁盘容量界面
接下来进入“已准备好创建虚拟机”界面，确认虚拟机设置，不需改动则单击"完成"按钮，开始创建虚拟机，如图 7 所示。
图 7 已准备好创建虚拟机
这里，我们可以略做调整，单击"自定义硬件"按钮进入硬件调整界面。为了让虚拟机中的系统运行速度快一点，我们可以选择"内存"调整虚拟机内存大小，但是建议虚拟机内存不要超过宿主机内存的一半。CentOS6.x 最少需要 628MB 及以上内存分配，否则会开启简易安装过程，如图 8 所示。
图 8 定制硬件
选择“新CD/DVD(IDE)”可以选择光驱配置。如果选择“使用物理驱动器”，则虚拟机会使用宿主机的物理光驱；如果选择“使用 ISO 映像文件”，则可以直接加载 ISO 映像文件，单击“浏览”按钮找到 ISO 映像文件位置即可，如图 9 所示。
图 9 光盘配置
选择"网络适配器"将进入 VMware 新手设置中最难以理解的部分——设置网络类型，如图 10 所示。此设置较复杂，不过网络适配器配置在虚拟机系统安装完成后还可以再行修改。
图 10 网络适配器配置
VMware 提供的网络连接有 5 种，分别是"桥接模式"、"NAT 模式"、"仅主机模式"、"自定义"和"LAN 区段"：
- 桥接模式：相当于虚拟机的网卡和宿主机的物理网卡均连接到虚拟机软件所提供的 VMnet0 虚拟交换机上，因此虚拟机和宿主机是平等的，相当于一个网络中的两台计算机。这种设置既可以保证虚拟机和宿主机通信，也可以和局域网内的其他主机通信，还可以连接 Internet，是限制最少的连接方式，推荐新手使用。
- NAT 模式：相当于虚拟机的网卡和宿主机的虚拟网卡 VMnet8 连接到虚拟机软件所提供的 VMnet8 虚拟交换机上，因此本机是通过 VMnet8 虚拟网卡通信的。在这种网络结构中，VMware 为虚拟机提供了一个虚拟的 NAT 服务器和一个虚拟的 DHCP 服务器，虚拟机利用这两个服务器可以连接到 Intemet。所以，在正常情况下，虚拟机系统只要设定自动获取 IP 地址，就能既和宿主机通信，又能连接到 Internet了。但是这种设置不能连接局域网内的其他主机。
- 仅主机模式：宿主机和虚拟机通信使用的是 VMware 的虚拟网卡 VMnet1，但是这种连接没有 NAT 服务器为虚拟机提供路由功能，所以仅主机网络只能连接宿主机，不能连接局域网，也不能连接 Internet 网络。
- 自定义网络：可以手工选择使用哪块虚拟机网卡。如果选择 Vmnet1，就相当于桥接网络；如果选择 VMnet8，就相当于 NAT 网络。
- LAN 区段：这是新版 VMware 新增的功能，类似于交换机中的 VLAN（虚拟局域网），可以在多台虚拟机中划分不同的虚拟网络。
以上对于 VMware 网络的描述，读者看完了可能会有点困惑。简单总结—下，在 VMware 安装好后，会生成两个虚拟网卡 VMnet1 和 VMnet8 (在 Windows 系统的"网络连接"中可以査看到），如图 11 所示。
图 11 虚拟网卡
其中常用设置有以下 2 种：
- 需要宿主机的 Windows 和虚拟机的 Linux 能够进行网络连接，使用"桥接模式"（桥接时，Linux 也可以访问互联网，只是虚拟机需要配置和宿主机 Windows 同样的联网环境）；
- 需要宿主机的 Windows 和虚拟机的 Linux 能够进行网络连接，同时虚拟机的 Linux 可以通过宿主机的 Windows 连入互联网，使用"NAT模式"。
After the hard disk configuration settings are done, click the figure of 7 "Finish" button, you have successfully created a virtual machine! CentOS image for download in advance in FIG. 3 and the corresponding setting for the reader, in which case the Linux CentOS VMware directly start the system, as shown in Fig.
Figure 12 VMware boot Linux system
And select "Install OS later" in Figure 3 of the reader, then you must first download a Linux image files, and through the "Edit virtual machine settings -> CD / DVD (IDE)", select "Use ISO image file ", manually add iso file, then click" OK "to manually open Linux system. 13.
Virtual machine 13 is provided in FIG.
After the above steps, we have successfully installed a virtual machine with VMware good Linux system.
