[Linux] Install VMWare virtual machine (installation configuration) and configure Windows Server 2012 R2 (installation configuration to connect to the vm virtual machine) and environment configuration (Windows version detailed tutorial)

        An operating system is a type of software that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer system and provides interfaces to users and application programs so that they can interact and run with the computer system. The operating system is responsible for scheduling and allocating system resources, such as processors, memory, input and output devices, etc., as well as managing functions such as file systems, network communications, and security.

        The operating system provides an abstraction layer for users and applications, shielding the complexity of the underlying hardware and simplifying the interaction between the user and the computer. It enables users to perform various tasks such as running programs, accessing files, managing data, etc. through a graphical interface or command line interface. The operating system is also responsible for maintaining the stability, security, and reliability of the system and ensuring that programs work together correctly.

        Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, etc. Each of them has different characteristics and uses, and is suitable for various computer equipment and application scenarios. The operating system is the core component of the computer system and plays an important role in the normal operation of the computer and the user experience.

2. Common operating systems

2.1. Windows operating system

The Microsoft Windows series operating systems are graphical operating systems designed based on MS-DOS designed by Microsoft for IBM machines. From the earliest DOS version, win 95, win 97, win 98, win 2000, win 2003 (server operating system), win xp, win vista, win 7, win serve 2008 (server operating system), win 8, win server 2012 (server operating system), win 10, win server 2016 (server operating system), win 11.

2.2. UNIX operating system

UNIX is basically installed on the server. It has no user interface and is basically a command operation. So when you enter the system, there is a dark interface, and then a cursor flashes. There is no entertainment software, I can't view pictures or listen to music.

2.3. Linux operating system

lLinux is considered the successor of Unix. Linux inherits many features of Unix and adds some new functions. Linux follows the open source route. It is free and anyone can make modifications and then develop their own operating system. For example, the well-known ones include debian, Ubuntu, centos, and Hongqi. Similarly, Linux is mainly used on servers and is rarely used by ordinary users.

2.4. mac operating system

macos is an operating system that runs on Apple's Macintosh series of computers, and is basically familiar to Apple users. macos has a good user experience and gorgeous user interface. In fact, what few people know is that macos is a product of the Unix system family.

2.5. Embedded operating system

Embedded systems use a very wide range of systems (such as VxWorks, eCos, Symbian OS and Palm OS) as well as some reduced-function versions of Linux or other operating systems. In some cases, OS refers to a huge general-purpose program with built-in fixed application software. In many of the simplest embedded systems, the so-called OS refers to the only application program on it.

3. The difference between personal version and server version

Personal version and server version refer to operating system versions designed for different user needs.

3.1. Personal version

Mainly for individual users and home users, it provides functions and interfaces suitable for personal use. It typically features ease of use, a graphical interface, and a rich ecosystem of applications. Personal operating systems emphasize user-friendliness, multimedia functions, game support and other features, and are suitable for personal office, entertainment and daily applications.

3.2. Server version

Designed specifically for server environments and enterprise users. It focuses on security, performance and reliability, and provides efficient server management and network service functions. The server operating system supports remote management, multi-user concurrent access, network protocols and service configuration, etc. It can handle a large number of requests at the same time and ensure the stability and reliability of the system.

3.3. Summary

Client operating systems are operating systems that run on desktop computers and other portable devices. In contrast, a server operating system is an operating system developed for installation and use on servers.

The client operating system can obtain services from the server. In contrast, a server operating system can serve many client or end-user devices.

A user can only use one client operating system at a time. In contrast, a server operating system can serve multiple client devices simultaneously.

Client operating systems can run on client devices, including tablets, desktops, mobile phones, and laptops. Instead, a server operating system can run on the server.

Server operating systems are more advanced and have more features than client operating systems.

Client operating systems are less secure than server operating systems. In comparison, server operating systems are more secure than client operating systems.

Some examples of client operating systems are Windows, Android, Mac, etc. In comparison, some examples of server operating systems are Mac OS X, Windows Server, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, etc.

In terms of functionality, the personal version may pay more attention to the friendliness and ease of use of the user interface, providing more entertainment and daily applications. The server version focuses more on system resource management, network services and security. They may differ in kernel tuning, hardware support, network protocols, storage management, etc.

Specific features and differences between Personal and Server editions may vary between operating systems. Different manufacturers and operating system providers will provide suitable operating system versions for individual and server users based on different user needs and market positioning.

4. Various versions of Linux

4.1、Debian

The origin of Debian's name DebianGNU/Linux was launched in 1993 by a man named Ian Murdock. His name starts with Ian, and his wife's name Debra starts with Deb.

Debian is a model of community-based Linux and is the Linux system that most closely follows GNU specifications so far. Debian was first created by Ian Murdock in 1993 and is divided into three version branches:

stable (server version), testing (stable version) and unstable (beta version).

4.2、Ubuntu

Strictly speaking, Ubuntu cannot be considered an independent distribution. Ubuntu is based on the unstable version of Debian and is enhanced. It can be said that Ubuntu is a nearly perfect Linux desktop system that has all the advantages of Debian and its own enhanced advantages. There are three versions:

Ubuntu based on Gnome, Kubuntu based on KDE. Xubuntu based on Xfc.

4.3、Redhat

In March 1994, Linux version 1.0 was officially released. Marc Ewing established RedHat Software Company and became one of the most famous Linux distributors. After http://redhat.com released redhat9 (abbreviated as rh9), it turned to the development of redhat enterprise linux (abbreviated as rhel). The difference from the past is that the new rhel 3 requires users to purchase first and promise to ensure the stability of the product. safety.

4.4、Fedora

Fedora and Redhat are two Linux distributions that are closely related. Since Redhat 9.0, it has no longer released a desktop version. Instead, it has cooperated with the open source community on this project, so Fedora, a Linux distribution, was born. The Fedora project is sponsored by Red Hat and is a collective name for projects developed by the open source community and Red Hat engineers. Fedora's goal is to promote faster progress in free and open source software.

Features:

1. Fedora is an open, innovative, forward-looking operating system and platform based on Linux. It allows anyone to freely use, modify and redistribute it, now or in the future. Runnable architectures include x86 (i386), x86_64 and PowerPC!

2. Fedora can be said to be the continuation of the Redhat desktop version, but it only cooperates with the open source community.

3. Fedora is an independent Linux distribution operating system.

4.5、cent

http://redhat.com After releasing redhat 9, it stopped developing redhat and turned to the development of redhat enterprise linux (abbreviated as rhel). The difference from the past is that the new rhel 3 requires users to purchase lisence first, http:// redhat.com promises to ensure product stability and security. The rhel 3 binary code is no longer available for download, but as part of the redhat service, but the source code is still open.

Features:

1. The CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) program is one of the "Red Hat rebuilders" after Red Hat decided in 2003 to no longer provide free technical support and product certification.

2. CentOS has fixed the redhat bug that has been discovered.

2. VMWare virtual machine (Windows server)

1. Installation

Select the download location to download the software. Download VMware Workstation Pro - VMware Customer Connect . Finally, find the file and double-click it to install. Go to the next step for fool-proof installation; the VM16 version is used here.

You can change the installation path yourself if you encounter it; after installation, there is a registration code that you can fill in your own.

[Note] If you have not set it to Chinese, you can add --locale zh_CN after the target location of the right-click properties of the shortcut , and it will change to Chinese after restarting.

2. Configure new

After entering the virtual machine

Create a new virtual machine, select Custom and go to the next step

When this interface appears, choose to install it later

When this interface appears, select the system and select the first Windows version , and the version selects the system you need to install in the virtual machine later .

Name the virtual machine and change its storage location

Keep clicking Next until complete

If you start the virtual machine, the following error will appear because the system is not installed .

3. Install Windows Server 2012 system

Find the official website to download Windows Server 2012 | Microsoft Learn system,

Double-click to select the image file and confirm.
Click to start the virtual machine and wait
Select the language and install
Filling in your own activation code requires manual entry.
Select the second one
Select Custom Install
Select Next and wait for installation
The account and password setting interface appears to set your own account and password
After setting up, enter Ctrl + Alt + Delete to log in. Finally, some computers will display the exit interface of their own computers. Just press Esc.
Finally successfully entered

3.1. Attention

If a VMware Workstation unrecoverable error occurs: (vcpu-1) Exception 0xc0000005 (access violation) has occurred, this problem indicates that there is a problem with your image file. Just reconfigure it.

3. Connect to access the virtual machine server

1. Connect the host to the virtual machine

In the virtual machine, WIN+R, enter ipconfig, check the IP of the machine and remember it

Open the control panel in the virtual machine --> System and Security --> Windows Firewall --> Turn off the firewall

In the virtual machine, open Control Panel-->System Security-->System-->Advanced System Settings-->Remote and check Allow remote connections.

In the host, find the remote connection desktop, search it directly in Windows, and enter the IP of the virtual machine.

Enter the account password. Most accounts are this administrator .

Enter your account credentials and the connection is successful!

1.1. [Note] Solving the problem of not being able to connect 1

To open the Local Group Policy Editor, you can press the win+r key combination and enter the gpedit.msc command to open it.

Select "Computer Configuration" - "Administrative Templates" - "System" - "Credential Assignment", and select "Encrypted Database Correction" in the "Credential Assignment" setting.

In the Encrypted Database Remediation dialog box, select Started, select Vulnerable for the protection level, and click Apply.

After following the above steps, return to the remote desktop function and connect again to use it normally.

1.1.1. What to do if there is no local Group Policy Editor

Find a text document and put the following code into it, change the suffix to .bat , and then double-click it. 【Pay attention to capitalization】 ;
@echo off

pushd "%~dp0"

dir /b C:\Windows\servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-GroupPolicy-ClientExtensions-Package~3*.mum >List.txt

dir /b C:\Windows\servicing\Packages\Microsoft-Windows-GroupPolicy-ClientTools-Package~3*.mum >>List.txt

for /f %%i in ('findstr /i . List.txt 2^>nul') do dism /online /norestart /add-package:"C:\Windows\servicing\Packages\%%i"

pause
Win + R and enter gpedit.msc to open it

1.2. Solve problem 2

Win + R and enter regedit to open the registry.

Then expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\ according to the following directories in order, and then create a two-level folder in the System directory, that is, a new item, CredSSP\Parameters.

Then right-click under Parameters -> New DWORD 32-bit, and change the name to AllowEncryptionOracle.

Double-click to change the value to 2, and the connection will be successful.

2. Virtual machine file sharing

In the virtual machine, create the shared folder you need.

Select the folder that needs to be shared, right-click, click Properties , select Sharing , click Share , select the user , click Share , and then complete the sharing .

In the host, WIN+R , enter \\ + plus the IP address of your virtual machine , click Confirm, and you will need to enter credentials before you can share files.

Then transfer the file you want to the host.

4. Virtual machine configuration environment (jdk, tomcat, mysql)

1、jdk

For jdk configuration, you can view the download and installation configuration of Java JDK .

2、tomcat

Select the downloaded tomcat Apache Tomcat® - Welcome! and unzip it.

3、mysql

Check out the blog Installing MySQL .