Verbatim https://www.dazhuanlan.com/2019/08/25/5d622896d4e25/
Chapter meter original: the development and application of computers.
1. The history of computers
1. The emergence and development of computer
The world's first computer: ENIAC 1955 1946 United States retired
(Manually moving the switch plug and cable programming)
2. The impact of technology on computer hardware replacement
| generation | time | Hardware technology | Rate (times / sec) |
|---|---|---|---|
| One | 1946-1957 | Tube | 40,000 |
| two | 1958-1964 | Transistor | 200,000 |
| three | 1965-1971 | Small and medium-scale integrated circuits | 1000,000 |
| four | 1972-1977 | LSI | 10,000,000 |
| Fives | 1978- now | VLSI | 100,000,000 |
- IBM System / 360 is IBM's most successful ever released products, changes in the computer industry in the development process. IBM spent $ 5 billion manufacturing of System / 360 was launched in 1964. .
2. The emergence and development of microcomputer
-
Moore's law: the number of transistors integrated on the microchip quadruple every three years.
[Moore: one of the founders of Intel Corporation]
3. The rise and development of software technology
1) a variety of languages
- Machine language: a machine facing
- Assembly: machine-oriented
- High-level language: facing problems
2) System Software
| software | Features |
|---|---|
| Language processing process | Compilation process to explain the process of the compilation process |
| operating system | DOS、UNIX、Windows、Linux、Kylin Linux |
| Service of process | Assembly debugging diagnostic troubleshooting |
| Database Management Systems | Database and database management software |
| Network Software |
3) the characteristics of software development
-
Long development cycle
-
Expensive production costs
-
Detection software product quality particularity
(Software development process and all documents, use and maintenance process required)
2. Application of Computer
(1) scientific computing and data processing
(2) Industrial control and real-time control
(3) network technology
- E-commerce
- Online education
- Agile Manufacturing
(4) virtual reality VR
(5) office automation and management information systems
(6) CAD / CAM / CIMS
(7) Display Technology
(8) Artificial Intelligence
3. Looking to the computer
1. The computer has some super intelligent functions like the human brain
It requires a computer's speed is fast enough
2. improve the integration of the chip subject to the following three aspects
- Chip integration constrained by the physical limits of
- Geometrically increasing production costs
- Chip power consumption, heat dissipation, the delay line
3 instead of the traditional silicon .___
- Optical computer: calculates photonic and electronic storage substituted
- DNA of the organism computer: by controlling biochemical reactions between DNA molecules
- Quantum computer: by atomic quantum properties possessed by