Table of contents
2. Overview of program management
5. Division of project life cycle
Preface
This article mainly records the test points in the project management process, which are the key contents and test points of the project set.
1. Programs and portfolios
First of all, the first step is to set a strategic goal, and then there will be a project portfolio under the strategic goal, and the project portfolio can contain multiple project portfolios and project sets.
So, what is a program?
For example, a project boss wants to build a shopping mall, which must include three basic activity venues: a cinema, a food court, and a supermarket. This task is a project. The cinema is considered a project, the food court is also a project, and the supermarket is also a project.
So, what is a project portfolio?
This task is to operate the shopping mall just established above, and the strategic goal is to make more money. Then this task is no longer a project set, but a project portfolio.
2. Overview of program management
Program : A group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities that are managed in a coordinated manner to achieve benefits not possible when managed individually. All projects within a program are related by a common goal that is strategically important to the sponsoring organization.
If the project stakeholders have different goals, and these goals do not have the delivery characteristics of coordinated benefits. Only if there are correlations in terms of funds, skills, stakeholders, etc., these components are best managed through project portfolios rather than using the program method. Therefore, large projects should not be managed using the program management method, but It should be managed using project management methods.
PMI defines "program activities" as "clear, scheduled work components that are performed during the project."
Program managers can integrate and control interdependencies between components through the work of the five interrelated and dependent program management program performance areas. They are program strategic consistency, program revenue management, program stakeholder acquisition, program governance and program life cycle management.
The key difference between program management and project management is the strategic aggregation of the program and the program's assurance of the realization of organizational benefits .
3. Project management process
The program business case is a process of formally or informally demonstrating the program to be constructed and various alternative initial construction plans from the perspective of organizational strategy, based on the program benefits, that is, the feasibility study of the initial program .
The program plan at this stage is only rough. It is mainly a description of the program's vision and mission in order to support the program's business case and its impact on stakeholders. As relevant information is continuously added, the program plan will continue to be improved. , guide the specific implementation of the project set.
Program roadmap : Graphically displays the expected development direction of the program in chronological order, and establishes a series of documented standards for each chronological event. It also establishes the relationship between program activities and expected benefits, as well as the project Gather key dependencies between milestones and convey the connection between business strategy and planning priorities. Program Roadmap Similar to the program schedule, the program roadmap is primarily suitable for outlining major program events for planning and developing a more detailed schedule.
4. Project Management
Program governance : Covers the systems and methods used by the sponsoring organization to define, authorize, supervise and support the program strategy. It is the practice and process implemented by the program sponsoring organization to ensure that the program is effectively and continuously managed. Program governance is achieved through the activities of review and decision-making that are responsible for signing or approving program proposals within the scope of authority. This organization is generally called the program steering committee or program governance committee, the program board of directors, and is the project centralized decision-making body. Responsible for supporting how programs are managed.
Program Steering Committee: Also known as the Program Governance Committee, Program Board of Directors, and Oversight Committee ; its responsibilities are mainly responsible for defining and implementing appropriate program governance systems and methods to ensure that program execution is consistent with the strategic goals of the organization, and Provide support for the normal management of the steering program.
Program Steering Committee : Its main responsibility is to ensure that the program can achieve the strategic goals of the organization as planned. Centering on this basic function, the Program Steering Committee is required to assume the responsibility for the successful identification, launch and implementation of the program within the organization. to key responsibilities. These responsibilities can be summarized mainly as follows:
1. Ensure that the program is consistent with the organization’s vision and goals.
2. Program approval and launch.
3. Project financing.
In order to ensure the smooth launch of the project, it is an important responsibility of the project steering committee to ensure that the project obtains necessary financial support.
5. Division of project life cycle
The basis for building a program is to obtain expected benefits. Therefore, in addition to dividing the program life cycle based on methods similar to the project life cycle, the program process is divided into five categories: initiation, planning, execution, control, and closing according to time sequence . In addition to the three phases, the program life cycle can also be divided into three processes based on the realization of program benefits: program definition phase, program benefit delivery phase, and program closing phase.
The main purpose of the program definition phase is to elaborate on the program business case or strategic plan goals and expected program outcomes, which is mainly reflected in the update of the business case and program plan, and is recorded in the program roadmap, and more The detailed content is mainly reflected in the project management plan. The outcome of this phase is the approval of the program management plan. This phase is generally divided into two sub-phases that are both distinct and overlapping with each other, namely program construction and program preparation. The program manager usually builds the program appointed.
The program preparation phase begins with the formal approval of the program charter . Key activities in the program preparation phase generally include:
1. Establish a project governance structure.
2. Establish an initial program organization.
3. Develop a project management plan.
The program benefit delivery phase is an iterative process in which program components are continuously planned, integrated, and managed to achieve the delivery of the program's expected benefits.
Component planning runs through the entire stage of program revenue delivery and is mainly used to respond to major changes in the program that require re-planning or launching new components.
The program level needs to continuously monitor the execution of each component and the realization of planned benefits.
The code is as follows (example):
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
Summarize
This article mainly records the test points in the project management process, which are the key contents and test points of the project set.