Linux system overview
Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a set of Unix-like operating systems that are free to use and spread freely. It is a POSIX-based multi-user, multi-tasking, multi-threading and multi-CPU operating system.
With the development of the Internet, Linux has received support from software enthusiasts, organizations, and companies all over the world. In addition to maintaining a strong development momentum in servers, it has made great progress in personal computers and embedded systems. Users can not only intuitively obtain the implementation mechanism of the operating system, but also modify and improve Linux according to their own needs, so that it can best meet the needs of users.
Linux is not only stable in system performance, but also open source software. Its core firewall components are highly efficient and easy to configure, which ensures the security of the system. In many enterprise networks, in order to pursue speed and security, Linux is not only used by network operation and maintenance personnel as a server, but even as a network firewall. This is one of the highlights of Linux.
Linux has the characteristics of open source code, no copyright, and many users in the technical community. Open source code allows users to tailor it freely, with high flexibility, powerful functions, and low cost. In particular, the network protocol stack is embedded in the system, and the function of the router can be realized after proper configuration. These characteristics make Linux an ideal development platform for developing routing and switching equipment.
installation method
1. Desktop version installation
2. Minimized installation (desktop can be installed later)
difference: the minimal installation only integrates the basic system, and the desktop installation includes the development environment gcc and the visual desktop.
System installation
1. Make a system boot disk
You can use the 8G U disk to write the centos image directly to the U disk through the UltraISO tool
2. Initialize the server disk array (such as raid1, raid0, raid10, raid5)
Operation method: You can set up the disk array of each type of server on Baidu
Raid difference:
| id | name | number of disks | Remark | Array capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raid0 | striped volume | at least two pieces | Data is distributed and stored on two disks, with fast read and write speed, but no redundancy | n*2 |
| Raid1 | mirrored volume | at least two pieces | One disk is written to one disk for backup, the write performance is reduced, and the read performance is improved, with redundancy capability and low disk utilization. | n/2 |
| Raid10 | at least four dollars | The data is split first, stored, and the data is redundant after splitting. There is data loss analysis, but the read and write speed is fast. | n/2 | |
| Raid10 | at least four dollars | Data backup, after differential and redundant data backup, the risk of data loss is low, but the read and write speed is slow | n/2 | |
| Raid5 | Raid5 | at least three | Read and write performance is improved, with redundancy, only one disk can be damaged | n |
3. Install the system
Insert the U disk into the server’s USB interface, use the shortcut key to select the Bios interface to start with the U disk, and load the installation interface. (The following steps are simulated and demonstrated through the vmware virtual machine)
3.1 Create a virtual machine (equivalent to purchasing a server in reality)
3.2 Turn on the virtual machine
Note: After the virtual machine is turned on, it will directly enter the installation system interface, but in reality, you need to select the U disk through the BIOS to enter the system installation interface.
3.3 Install system configuration
Installation system option description:
Install Centos 7: Install the system directly
Test this media & install centos 7: First check whether there is any problem with the image, and then install it if there is no problem
Troubleshooting: Emergency mode (usually used to reset the root password, restore the system, etc. )
After selecting the installation mode, you can officially enter the system installation.
3.3.1 Select the system language (if you are a novice, it is recommended to use Chinese, and there will be Chinese prompts for related errors, but there will be problems such as garbled characters. Generally, English is selected by default.) 3.3.2 Set the time zone
(default Shanghai)
3.3.3 Setup and installation Option (this example is a quick demonstration, the installation is minimized, if you experience centos7, it is recommended to choose the desktop version to experience the charm of centos) 3.3.4 Set the
installation path
3.3.5 Set the network (you can also set it after the installation is complete. Novices recommend dhcp, but use It must be manually configured with a fixed ip)
3.4 Start to install the system
3.5 Configure root password (over-management)
3.6 Wait for system installation
3.7 Complete the system installation (need to restart)
4. Connect to the server
The first time you install the system, you need to wait for the system to restart to complete the login interface
1. Open the connection tool (xshell, crt, etc.)
2. Enter the connection information
3. Enter the username and password
4. Login successfully
