Computer hardware
The main chassis, monitors, keyboards, mice, speakers and microphones we know. These devices that we can see and touch are the "hardware" we often talk about. It is like our human brain and body, which is material and the basis for all activities.
The part about hardware in "Computer Composition and Design" is very good, but I can't understand it. Rather than being realistic, I have a need to buy a computer. Use this book to learn about the composition of a computer and what the parameters of each component represent. It feels easier to understand.
There is no computer configuration recommendation here, but I just want everyone to know what each parameter is about. When you buy a computer, it is recommended to check the price of each component by yourself, or ask someone who knows it.
5 classic parts of a computer
The 5 classic components that make up a computer are input, output, memory, data path (calculator) and controller. The last two of these components are often collectively referred to as the processor.
Parts Description
Take my computer for example. . Peripherals are not included. () I will write more details when I do in-depth research later)
CPU - Central Processing Unit
The difference between CPU and chip
Integrated circuit is commonly known as chip . Central processing unit or CPU
- Integrated circuits include analog integrated circuits and digital integrated circuits. If an integrated circuit (chip) has both analog circuits and digital circuits, it is called a digital-analog hybrid integrated circuit.
- The CPU is a central processing unit, which includes an arithmetic unit and a controller, and is a digital circuit. If the arithmetic unit and the controller are integrated on an integrated circuit, it is called a microprocessor.
The difference between chip and cpu is generally speaking, if the central processing unit (CPU) is compared to the heart of the entire computer system, then the chipset on the motherboard is the torso of the entire body.
Integrated Circuit: Also called a chip, a device that connects dozens to millions of transistors.
Central processing unit: Also known as a processor, it includes a data path and a controller that can add numbers, test the results, and issue control signals to make I/O devices act according to the results.
Main frequency : The main frequency is also called the clock frequency, and the unit is MHz, which is used to indicate the operation speed of the CPU. The main frequency of the CPU = FSB × frequency multiplier. Indicates the speed at which the digital pulse signal oscillates in the CPU, which is not directly related to the actual computing power of the CPU. There is a certain relationship between the main frequency and the actual operation speed, but there is no definite formula to quantify the numerical relationship between the two, because the operation speed of the CPU depends on the performance indicators of various aspects of the CPU pipeline (cache, instruction set). , the number of CPU bits, etc.).
RAM
The access speed of the memory depends on the interface , the number of particles and the storage size (including the interface of the memory, such as: SDRAM133, DDR333, DDR2-533, DDR2-800, DDR3-1333, DDR3-1600, DDR4-2133, DDR4-2400 ), generally speaking, the larger the memory, the higher the frequency, and the stronger the ability to process data, and the speed of processing data mainly depends on the type of memory (for example, DDR is not as fast as DDR3 ).
motherboard
A typical motherboard provides a series of junction points for devices such as processors, graphics cards, sound cards, hard drives, storage, peripherals, and more. They are usually plugged directly into the relevant slots, or wired. The most important building block on a motherboard is the chipset.
It is mainly processing chips, such as: notebook i965 is more capable of processing data than i945 chip, i945 is more capable of processing data than i910 chip, and so on.
hard disk
Hard drives are divided into solid state drives (SSD), mechanical hard drives (HDD), and hybrid hard drives (SSHD). Solid state drives are the fastest, followed by hybrid hard drives, and mechanical hard drives are the worst.
The larger the hard disk, the more files can be stored, (such as storing movies, music, etc.) First, the data reading and writing speed of the hard disk and the rotational speed of the hard disk (divided: high-speed hard disk and low-speed hard disk, high-speed hard disk is generally used in large-scale servers. , such as: 10,000 rpm, 15,000 rpm; low-speed hard disks are used in general computers, including notebook computers), desktop computers generally use 7200 rpm, and notebook computers generally use 5400 rpm, which is mainly due to the fact that high-speed hard disks are used in notebook computers due to computer Mobile vibration accidentally scratches hard disk platters and causes power consumption and heat dissipation.
The speed of the hard disk is different due to the interface and the speed. Generally speaking, it is divided into IDE and SATA (that is, the serial port) interface. In the past, most hard disks were IDE interfaces. In contrast, the access speed was higher than that of SATA interfaces. Slow down.
With the development of the market, the cache has increased from the previous 2M to 8M, which is 16M or 32M or larger. Just like the CPU, the larger the cache, the faster the speed .
graphics card
Pay attention to the stream processing capability of the graphics card as well as the memory size and memory bit width, the bigger the better . This is directly related to the response speed of running super large program software, such as running CAD2007, 3DStudio, 3DMAX and other graphics software, and playing large 3D games. In addition to the distinction at the hardware level, the graphics card also has "shared video memory" technology. The difference of the chip with video memory is the "shared video memory" technology, which needs to read the video memory from the memory to deal with the needs of the corresponding program. Or as some call it: dynamic video memory. This technique is more used in notebook computers.
power supply
As long as the power is sufficient and the stability is good (generally 300W is enough power for ordinary home computers, 500W is no problem for most computers), a stable power supply is very important, and the stable voltage and current of each electronic component of the computer are the computer key to longevity.
The input provides data to the computer, and the output sends the result of the calculation to the user . A device like a wireless network is both an input device and an output device.
Including the mouse, keyboard and monitor we use. Choose your own.