Chapter 1 Servers
1.1 Basic responsibilities of operation and maintenance:
- Website data cannot be lost
- The website runs 7*24 hours
- Improve user experience
The server stability is required to be higher than that of ordinary home computers. The principle of operation and maintenance personnel: simple, easy to use, efficient
1.2 The main battlefield where everyone works
Function: The server used to build the website is more stable and reliable than other desktops and laptops .
Introduction: A server, also known as a server (Taiwan), is a device that provides computing services. Since the server needs to respond to the service request and process it, generally the server should have the ability to undertake and guarantee the service. The composition of the server includes a processor, hard disk, memory, system bus, and is similar to a general computer architecture, but due to the need to provide highly reliable services, the processing power, stability, reliability, security, scalability , manageability Sexual requirements are high.
1U server (U represents the thickness of the server) 1U = 1.75 inches = 4.445CM = 4.45CM
4U server (U represents the thickness of the server)
Internals of the server
For questions that you don't know or know about the server, you can consult the person who bought the server. I believe he will be happy to answer!
1.3 Classification of Servers by Shape
1.3.1 Rack Servers
The shape of the rack server does not look like a computer, but like a "drawer" , with 1U (1U = 1.75 inches = 44.45 mm), 2U, 4U and other specifications. Rack servers are installed in standard 19-inch racks. Most of this structure is a functional server.
1.3.2 Blade Servers
It looks like a box with neatly arranged books.
The so-called blade server
(accurately, it should be called a blade server) refers to a number of card-type server units that can be inserted into a standard-height rack-type chassis to achieve high availability and high density. Each "blade" is actually a system board. They can start their own operating systems through the "onboard" hard disk, such as Windows NT/2000, Linux, etc., which are similar to independent servers. In this mode, each master runs its own system and serves the specified Different user groups are not related to each other, so the performance of single-chip motherboards is lower than that of rack-mounted servers and rack-mounted servers. However, administrators can use system software to aggregate these masters into a server cluster. In cluster mode, all motherboards can be connected to provide a high-speed network environment and share resources at the same time to serve the same user group. Inserting new "blades" into the cluster improves overall performance. And because each "blade" is hot-swappable, the system can be easily replaced and maintenance time is minimized.
1.3.3 Tower Servers - More Powerful Computers
Tower Server
should be the easiest type of server structure to understand, because its shape and structure are similar to that of a vertical PC. Of course, due to the strong expansion of the motherboard of the server, there are also a lot more slots. , so it is larger than the ordinary motherboard, so the host chassis of the tower server is also larger than the standard ATX chassis, and generally enough internal space is reserved for the redundant expansion of the hard disk and power supply in the future. However, this type of server also has many limitations. When it is necessary to use multiple servers to work at the same time to meet higher server application requirements, it is very inappropriate due to the relatively large individual size, taking up a lot of space, and inconvenient management.
Chapter 2 Main Components of Computers and Servers
A computer is made up of many parts, and only when these parts work together can it be called a computer. Since the development of the computer, the components have changed a lot, but the working principle has not changed, including the host, CPU, memory, hard disk, graphics card, sound card and so on. The following will briefly introduce the various components that make up the computer.
2.1 Chassis
2.2 Power
- Function: to ensure the power supply of the computer
- Function: A qualified power supply is crucial to the role of the computer. The power supply is like the heart of the human body, providing fresh blood at any time. Inferior power supplies not only directly affect the normal use of the computer, but also cause damage to other accessories such as motherboards and graphics cards, and the electromagnetic radiation generated by this power supply also poses a potential threat to human health. In the field of servers, the role of power supply is more important, therefore, servers generally provide dual power supplies (dual redundant power supplies).
Therefore, servers generally provide dual power (dual redundant power) data and 7*24
2.3 Mainboard
- Both the motherboard and the CPU are the most critical components in a computer.
- All boards must function through the motherboard, and the performance and quality of the motherboard directly affect the entire system.
- The computer motherboard is composed of different architectural standards and various main components and interfaces.
Right middle: processor
Right lower: memory module
Left middle: battery
Left lower: hard disk interface
2.4 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- Function: that is, the control center responsible for calculation and control, is the most critical part of the computer, and is the brain of the computer.
- Function: Just like the human brain, any operation in the computer (data input, storage, program operation, screen display, and result printing) is completed under the control of the CPU. More than any component in a computer, the CPU determines the speed and efficiency of the computer's work.
- When dual CPU, only the same model can be installed at the same time
2.5 CPU Fan
- Function: Cool down the CPU
- Function: If the temperature of the CPU is very high as soon as it is turned on, it may become a wisp of black smoke after a long time, and then your CPU with thousands of dollars will be finished. Therefore, it is very important to choose a good fan.
2.6 Motherboard Chipset
The motherboard chipset is the most important component on the motherboard, and the function of the motherboard mainly depends on the chipset. The chipset is responsible for managing the CPU and memory, various bus extensions, and peripheral support.
2.7 BIOS chip
- The BIOS (basic input output system) chip (CMOS chip) is responsible for self-checking, setting, and saving of each component after the motherboard is powered on. The operating system can only be started after everything is normal. It records the most basic information of the computer and is the most basic bridge between software and hardware. Without it, the computer cannot work.
- Three common BIOS, Award, AMI, Phoenix
2.8 Bus expansion slot
- The bus expansion slot is divided into memory slot, PCI/ISA expansion slot, AGP, PCL, PCLE display card slot, etc.
- All kinds of I/O interfaces, soft and hard disk, keyboard and mouse, printer, USB (Universal Serial Bus), COM1/COM2, etc.
3.9 Hard Disk
- Function: A hard disk is simply a large-capacity storage, text, audio and other data, and has become an indispensable accessory for modern computers.
- Function: Since a large amount of data is exchanged between the CPU, input and output devices and the memory when the computer is working, the access speed and capacity of the memory are also one of the main factors that affect the speed of the computer. Especially in the server optimization scenario, the performance of the hard disk is an important factor in determining the performance of the website.
green plate
Pros: Quiet, low price
Cons: Poor performance, high latency, short lifespan
black disk
Advantages: high performance, large cache, fast speed.
Uses: Mainly used in enterprise, high performance computing applications such as multimedia video and photo editing, high performance game consoles
blue plate
Advantages: strong performance, low price, high cost performance
Disadvantages: the sound is slightly louder than the green disk, and the performance is slightly worse than the black disk
red plate
Advantages: The performance characteristics are close to the green disk, the power consumption is low, the noise is low, and it can adapt to continuous work for a long time
Use: Commonly used Web server
laptop hard drive
Common hard disk types and interfaces
2.10 Memory stick
- Function: The memory is a temporary storage of the computer. It is only responsible for the transfer of computer data and cannot be permanently saved. Its capacity and processing speed directly determine the speed of computer data transmission. Together with CPU and hard disk, it is called the three major components of a computer.
- Function: The memory is the memory that the CPU can directly access. The CPU reads the operation instructions and data from the memory, and sends the operation or processing back to the memory.
summary:
- Solved the problem of speed gap between cpu and hard disk
- The memory is a temporary storage location, and it is only put into the memory when it is used.
- Contents in memory disappear after power failure
2.11 Graphics card
Function: The function of the graphics card is to provide fast processing of image data. The graphics card is also one of the important components of the computer, and it is also one of the fastest replacement parts. At present, many 3D games have high requirements on the graphics card, so we have to pay for it. Money to buy a new piece of replacement
2.12 Optical drive
Functions: listen to songs, watch ultimatums, install software, play games with game discs, etc. However, the server is generally network installation or U disk installation of system software. Therefore, more and more computers are not equipped with optical drives.
