CPU and memory alone cannot move! What is the "peripheral function" necessary to use a microcomputer?
The microcomputer for electronic device control is composed of CPU, memory, and peripheral functions (Figure 1). The CPU performs calculations, data reading and writing, condition judgments, etc. according to instructions (programs). Store (store) the program in the memory.
Peripheral functions are various functions that facilitate the use of microcomputers. For example, in order to exchange signals such as external sensors and switches with the CPU, the peripheral function "input/output port (I/O port)" is required.
In addition, the "A/D converter" that converts analog input signals into digital values and the "D/A converter" that converts digital values into analog output signals on the other hand are peripheral functions necessary for microcomputers to process various signals. .
In addition, the "timer" used to measure the correct time and the "real-time clock (RTC)" engraved with the date and time are very helpful for time-related processing. UART (UART, Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) combines parallel signals and serial Line signals are converted to each other to facilitate communication.